What are the costs and benefits of using complementary resources of | business strategy | Universities UK

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Complementary resources of external actors: outside/ external, not related to the company (the company does not own nor control them, but the company needs them to be successful in international markets)

Examples of external actors: suppliers, distributors, government, research institutes, research company, consulting company, even competitors, joint venture partners, technology providers, licensor, etc.

The costs and benefits of using these external actors?