Environmental Health: Local To Global

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Question 1

  1. In environmental health, the term toxin refers to a toxic substance that _______________.
[removed]is naturally produced by a plant or animal
[removed]occurs in the occupational setting
[removed]results from human activity
[removed]a man-made product introduced into the environment due to human activity

1 points

Question 2

  1. In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.
[removed]acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals
[removed]fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period
[removed]fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulation

1 points

Question 3

  1. Which of the following is not characteristic of a health impact assessment?
[removed]It evaluates a site or activity as it is, rather than looking forward in time
[removed]It includes social and economic factors in the assessment
[removed]It incorporates input from community members

1 points

Question 4

  1. An exposure pathway connects _______________ to _______________.
[removed]an exposure / a change in tissue structure or function
[removed]inhalation / absorption
[removed]the environmental source of a contaminant / the point of exposure

1 points

Question 5

  1. The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.
[removed]by air, water, and soil
[removed]environmental, occupational, and residential
[removed]ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact

1 points

Question 6

  1. The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.
[removed]absorption
[removed]disposition
[removed]exposure

1 points

Question 7

  1. The quantity of a toxicant (or its breakdown product) that is available to interact with some vulnerable tissue in the body is called the _______________.
[removed]absorbed dose
[removed]biologically effective dose
[removed]body burden

1 points

Question 8

  1. The body burden of a chemical in the body reflects the net effect of _______________.
[removed]absorption and biological effectiveness
[removed]synergism and antagonism
[removed]the processes of toxicokinetics

1 points

Question 9

  1. Bioaccumulation is the _______________.
[removed]gradual building up of a chemical in the tissue of an organism
[removed]increase of concentrations of a chemical at higher levels of a food pyramid
[removed]movement of a chemical from water to living tissue

1 points

Question 10

  1. Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?
[removed]Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight
[removed]Concentration of a pesticide in blood
[removed]Inhalation rate in liters per hour

1 points

Question 11

  1. The Ames test is a test of a chemical’s _______________.
[removed]acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents
[removed]mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria
[removed]teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells

1 points

Question 12

  1. Exposure modeling is used to estimate the _______________.
[removed]biologically effective dose of a toxicant
[removed]fate and transport of a toxicant
[removed]ingestion of, inhalation of, or dermal contact with a toxicant

1 points

Question 13

  1. Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that has no adverse effects in _______________.
[removed]sensitive subpopulations over a long-term exposure
[removed]sensitive subpopulations over a short-term exposure
[removed]the general population over a long-term exposure
[removed]the general population over a short-term exposure

1 points

Question 14

  1. Which of the following is one of the major processes which together make up toxicokinetics?
[removed]Bioconcentration
[removed]Distribution
[removed]Mutation
[removed]Synergism

1 points

Question 15

  1. In doing a risk assessment for a chemical, the usual assumption is that _______________.
[removed]carcinogenicity has a threshold; non-cancer effects do not
[removed]non-cancer effects have a threshold; carcinogenicity does not
[removed]both carcinogenicity and non-cancer effects have thresholds
[removed]neither carcinogenicity nor non-cancer effects has a threshold

1 points

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