Introduction: 

For our final paper I want us to think about our own values and ethics, and compare them with the code of ethics of your present or future profession. To do this we’ll write a two-part paper. In the first part, we will outline our own Personal Code of Ethics by following the instructions below. In the second part, we apply our personal Code of Ethics to a case study in our profession. You may find a case study from newspapers, on-line articles or by researching your topic in Langsdale Library. Follow these instructions precisely and completely in writing your paper!

A.    My Personal Code of Ethics

1.     Core Values: Create a list of your core values; that is, a priority of what you value most in life and explain why each is a value in your life. For example, family: My family gives me strength and comfort, etc. Career: I love to realize my potential in a field of work that I find interesting and challenging. Spiritual: I have reverence for others and all life. Please be sure to explain why you hold these values, and tie them back to what we have learned in this class. (See # 4 below).

2.     Moral Character & Principles: Do I think I have good moral character? Answer this question by including your idea of integrity, the virtues that you aspire to and practice, and the moral principles or ethical theorythat you try to follow. For example, you may try to practice honesty, fairness, kindness, courage and friendliness in your life. And you also may hold the principles of trying to produce the greatest good for the greatest number or doing the right thing based on what you think all persons should do in the same situation. Please be sure to explain why you hold this moral character and principles, and tie them back to what we have learned in this class. (See # 4 below).

3.     The Value of Ethics in My Life: What is the value of ethics in your life? That is, do you think you could live a happy life without trying to be ethical? Why or why not? Explain. Give examples. Please be sure to explain why or why not you value ethics in your life, and tie your explanation back to what we have learned in this class. (See # 4 below).

4.     Reflect Using Information Obtained from IDIS-302: For steps 1-3, remember to ask yourself, “Why do I have these core values? Have they changed or been modified as a result of this class? What articles, ethical theories helped to reaffirm my beliefs, or alter them?” I am looking for you to demonstrate and apply information that you have learned to your own life. Just stating your position is not sufficient, but rather being able to explain why and link back to course material is part of the critical thinking process. 

DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA. This is not considered an academically qualified source.

 B. Application of My Code of Ethics

1.     Choose a case study from workplace or future profession that you think will be an interesting case to analyze and resolve.

2.     ABCD Guide to Ethical Decision Making : Follow precisely the Ethical Decision-Making Guide in arriving at what you think is the right ethical decision.  You can find this in the “Weekly Sessions – Week1” in Sakai. Make sure that you look at both sides of the argument, and apply the appropriate ethical theoryto each side. In other words, argue for and against the moral agents and recipients.

3.     Facts: Identify the ethical issue and give the important facts in the case. Why is this an ethical issue and not simply a legal issue of policy issue?

4.     Stakeholders : Identify the moral agent(s) and moral recipient(s) in the case and explain why these people are important stakeholders in the case. What consequences may affect each?

5.     Ethical Theories: Which ethical theory or theories that we have studied this semester are helpful to you in arriving at an ethical decision in your case? Explain.  

6.     Decision: Apply your Code of Ethics in this step to arrive at what you believe to be the right ethical decision and action in your case. For example, what role do your core values, moral character and ethics in your life play in your decision?

Length: Your paper should be from 5-7 pages double spaced, but you may write more if you like. Please do not exceed 12 pages. (See Guidelines to Follow below).

Research: Please research your topic(s) adequately, but remember that you must cite your sources. Failure to cite sources is considered plagiarism. I encourage you to use the Langsdale library for sources, as well as class readings to support your thoughts, ideas and positions. Be careful using Internet sourced material in which the source cannot be authenticated. (Please refer to the “Guidelines to Follow” section for details below). NOTE: DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA or PHILOSOPHY.COM – I do not consider these credible sources.

I run all papers through a program called “Turn-it-in”, which searches the Internet looking for similar paragraphs, or more plainly put, plagiarism. 

Arguments: Be sure to support your arguments / position on a topic. Do not rely on “ready made” arguments that you may find in your research. This too is considered plagiarism, if it is not cited.  Put your arguments in your ownwords. This is much more valuable to you and to me than trying to borrow language from the Internet, etc. But using outside sources to support your arguments / positions is encouraged.

  Guidelines to Follow:

The Code of Ethics Paper is to be written in a formal essay format. This paper is worth 25% of your final grade.  I am not too picking on the style the paper is created in, but I have a preference for APA.

I will be looking for the following criteria to be met:

1)    That the paper does not exceed 12 double spaced pages and it is at least a minimum of 5 pages long, not counting cover or reference pages.

2)    Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5″ x 11″) with 1″ margins on all sides. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font.  You will submit the paper in Sakai Assignment Folder in an electronic format. Emailed assignments will not be accepted.

3)    It should have a cover page with a title, your name and course number on it. 

4)    An abstract is not required.

Below is a rough guide as to how I will be evaluating / grading your papers:

MAT540 Week 8 Homework Chapter 4 14.

Grafton Metalworks Company produces metal alloys from six different ores it mines. The company has an order from a customer to produce an alloy that contains four metals according to the following specifications: at least 21% of metal A, no more than 12% of metal B, no more than 7% of metal C and between 30% and 65% of metal D. The proportion of the four metals in each of the six ores and the level of impurities in each ore are provided in the following table: Ore Metal (%) Impurities (%) Cost/Ton A B C D 1 19 15 12 14 40 27 2 43 10 25 7 15 25 3 17 0 0 53 30 32 4 20 12 0 18 50 22 5 0 24 10 31 35 20 6 12 18 16 25 29 24 When the metals are processed and refined, the impurities are removed. The company wants to know the amount of each ore to use per ton of the alloy that will minimize the cost per ton of the alloy. a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b. Solve the model by using the computer. 19. As a result of a recently passed bill, a congressman’s district has been allocated $4 million for programs and projects. It is up to the congressman to decide how to distribute the money. The congressman has decided to allocate the money to four ongoing programs because of their importance to his district – a job training program, a parks project, a sanitation project, and a mobile library. However, the congressman wants to distribute the money in a manner that will please the most voters, or, in other words, gain him the most votes in the upcoming election. His staff’s estimates of the number of votes gained per dollar spent for the various programs are as follows. Program Votes/ Dollar Job training 0.02 Parks 0.09 Sanitation 0.06 Mobile library 0.04 In order also to satisfy several local influential citizens who financed his election, he is obligated to observe the following guidelines: • None of the programs can receive more than 40% of the total allocation. • The amount allocated to parks cannot exceed the total allocated to both the sanitation project and the mobile library • The amount allocated to job training must at least equal the amount spent on the sanitation project. Any money not spent in the district will be returned to the government; therefore, the congressman wants to spend it all. The congressman wants to know the amount to allocate to each program to maximize his votes. a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b. Solve the model by using the computer. 20. Anna Broderick is the dietician for the State University football team, and she is attempting to determine a nutritious lunch menu for the team. She has set the following nutritional guidelines for each lunch serving: • Between 1,500 and 2,000 calories • At least 5 mg of iron • At least 20 but no more than 60 g of fat • At least 30 g of protein • At least 40 g of carbohydrates • No more than 30 mg of cholesterol She selects the menu from seven basic food items, as follows, with the nutritional contributions per pound and the cost as given: Calories (per lb.) Iron (mg/lb.) Protein (g/lb.) Carbo-hydrates (g/lb.) Fat (g/lb.) Chol-esterol (mg/lb.) Cost $/lb. Chicken 520 4.4 17 0 30 180 0.80 Fish 500 3.3 85 0 5 90 3.70 Ground beef 860 0.3 82 0 75 350 2.30 Dried beans 600 3.4 10 30 3 0 0.90 Lettuce 50 0.5 6 0 0 0 0.75 Potatoes 460 2.2 10 70 0 0 0.40 Milk (2%) 240 0.2 16 22 10 20 0.83 The dietician wants to select a menu to meet thenutritional guidelines while minimizing the total cost per serving. a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b. Solve the model by using the computer c. If a serving of each of the food items (other than milk) was limited to no more than a half pound, what effect would this have on the solution? 22. The Cabin Creek Coal (CCC) Company operates three mines in Kentucky and West Virginia, and it supplies coal to four utility power plants along the East Coast. The cost of shipping coal from each mine to each plant, the capacity at each of the three mines and the demand at each plant are shown in the following table: Plant Mine 1 2 3 4 Mine Capacity (tons) 1 $ 7 $ 9 $10 $12 220 2 9 7 8 12 170 3 11 14 5 7 280 Demand (tons) 110 160 90 180 The cost of mining and processing coal is $62 per ton at mine 1, $67 per ton at mine 2, and $75 per ton at mine 3. The percentage of ash and sulfur content per ton of coal at each mine is as follows: Mine % Ash % Sulfur 1 9 6 2 5 4 3 4 3 Each plant has different cleaning equipment. Plant 1 requires that the coal it receives have no more than 6% ash and 5% sulfur; plant 2 coal can have no more than 5% ash and sulfur combined; plant 3 can have no more than 5% ash and 7% sulfur; and plant 4 can have no more than 6% ash and sulfur combined. CCC wabts to determine the amount of coal to produce at each mine and ship to its customers that will minimize its total cost. a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b. Solve this model by using the computer. 36. Joe Henderson runs a small metal parts shop. The shop contains three machines – a drill press, a lathe, and a grinder. Joe has three operators, each certified to work on all three machines. However, each operator performs better on some machines than on others. The shop has contracted to do a big job that requires all three machines. The times required by the various operators to perform the required operations on each machine are summarized as follows: Operator Drill Press (min) Lathe (min) Grinder (min) 1 23 18 35 2 41 30 28 3 25 36 18 Joe Henderson wants to assign one operator to each machine so that the topal operating time for all three operators is minimized. a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b. Solve the model by using the computer c. Joe’s brother, Fred, has asked him to hire his wife, Kelly, who is a machine operator. Kelly can perform each of the three required machine operations in 20 minutes. Should Joe hire his sister-in-law? 43. The Cash and Carry Building Supply Company has received the following order for boards in three lengths: Length Order (quantity) 7 ft. 700 9 ft. 1,200 10 ft. 300 The company has 25-foot standard-length boards in stock. Therefore, the standard-length boards must be cut into the lengths necessary to meet order requirements. Naturally, the company wishes to minimize the number of standard-length boards used. a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b. Solve the model by using the computer c. When a board is cut in a specific pattern, the amount of board left over is referred to as “trim-loss.” Reformulate the linear programming model for this problem, assuming that the objective is to minimize trim loss rather than to minimize the total number of boards used, and solve the model. How does this affect the solution?

Grandma vs. Research

Prior to completing this journal assignment, please read Modules 1and 2 in your textbook, view the “Endless Questions” video, and review any relevant Instructor Guidance. You may want to look specifically at the interactive media tools demonstrating information on theory which are provided in the Section 1.5 (within Module 1) of the textbook.

In a Journal entry of about 500 words, you will be addressing the role of theory and evidence – both scholarly and personal – and how they can be utilized in the classroom or other professional settings.

Begin by reflecting on the benefits and drawbacks of accepting advice from stories told by previous generations (i.e. “I did that with my kids and they turned out just fine.”). For example, you may have heard a grandparent suggest that you put a bit of whiskey on an infant’s gums to help with teething. Describe your own thoughts about anecdotal advice such as this and explain why it may be true in some cases, but not in others.

Then, watch the Endless Questions video analyzing child development research and find one additional scholarly source of your choice (see tips and a link to tutorials below) and use it to reflect on and answer the following questions:

1.      Why is it important to utilize developmental theory to explain children’s development?

a.       Identify and briefly describe the key points of one of the major developmental theories and why you feel that theory is applicable to child and/or adolescent development.

2.      What makes scholarly research different from anecdotal evidence (personal experience) in explaining child and adolescent development? [Hint: Consider the methodology of the article you are reading.]

3.      Finally, demonstrate the value of continued learning with a concluding reflection on why we should incorporate both personal experience and scholarly research or theory to help support any statements made in this class or any other professional setting.

You are required to utilize at least one (1) additional scholarly source not from this week’s required readings (including, but not limited to, the multimedia in the recommended resources for Week 1). You must cite all of your sources (including the video embedded above) in proper APA style. If you are unsure how to create an APA style reference page, please visit the Ashford Writing Center website. Aside from the video embedded in the prompt, you are to find one other scholarly through the Ashford Library website to help support your reflections in PART II. View this great tutorial provided by the Ashford University Library which will show you how to find scholarly articles and how to assess the scholarly quality of the resource.

·     NOTE: As you are completing your searches in the library search engines, check the boxes in the search engines of the library for scholarly, peer-reviewed sources. This allows you to find resources that have been evaluated by a number of experts in the field and do not represent just one person’s opinion. 

21. Diminishing returns to labor occur because of:
   Inefficiency in the production process.
   The use of inferior factors of production.
   A rising ratio of labor to capital.
   Lower opportunity costs of the factors of production.

22. If an additional unit of labor costs $15 and has a MPP of 50 units of output, the marginal cost is:
   $0.30.
   $0.50.
   $7.50.
   $750.00.

23. Marginal cost:
   Decreases whenever marginal physical product decreases.
   Increases whenever marginal physical product decreases.
   Always rises in the short run.
   All of the above.

24. As the production rate is increased, average fixed costs:
   Are constant.
   First fall, then rise (in a U-shaped curve).
   Decline.
   Increase.

25. A U-shaped average total cost curve implies:
   First, diminishing returns, and then, increasing returns.
   First, marginal cost less than average total cost, and then marginal cost greater than average total cost.
   That total costs are at a minimum at the minimum of the average cost curve.
   A linear total cost curve.

26. When the average total cost curve is rising, then the marginal cost curve will be:
   Below the average fixed cost curve.
   Falling with greater output.
   Above the average total cost curve.
   Below the average total cost curve.

27. Accounting costs and economic costs may differ because:
   The explicit cost for at least one factor is less than the factor's opportunity cost.
   Accounting costs include implicit costs and economic costs do not.
   Explicit costs are positive.
   All of the above.

28. When the wage rate is $24 per hour and the MPP of a worker is 3 units per hour, the unit labor cost is:
   $3.00 per unit.
   $8.00 per unit.
   $24.00 per unit.
   $72.00 per unit.

29. In the short run, when a firm produces zero output, total cost equals:
   Zero.
   Variable costs.
   Fixed costs.
   Marginal costs.

30. An essential characteristic of a perfectly competitive firm is that:
   It is a price maker.
   It is a price taker.
   The market-demand curve is perfectly elastic.
   Each firm's demand curve is perfectly inelastic.

31. A firm that makes zero economic profits:
   Must eventually go bankrupt.
   Does not cover its variable costs and should shut down.
   Incurs an accounting loss.
   Covers all its costs, including a provision for normal profit.

Answer the following questions on the basis of this information. 

Suppose a firm has an annual expenses of $170,000 in wages and salaries, $75,000 in materials, $60,000 in rental expense, and $5,000 in interest expense on capital. The owner-manager does not choose to pay himself, but he could receive income of $90,000 by working elsewhere. The firm earns revenues of $320,000 per year.

32. What are the annual economic costs for the firm described above?
   The discount rate increases.
   $305,000.
   $310,000.
   $400,000.

33. What is the economic profit for the firm described above?
   $60,000.
   $10,000.
   Loss of $80,000.
   Loss of $90,000.

34. To receive a normal profit the firm described above would have to:
   Reduce expenses by $10,000.
   Earn $80,000 more in revenue.
   Earn $90,000 more in revenue.
   Earn $310,000 more in revenue.

Consider the following information for a perfectly competitive firm. Assume that Q equals the level of output and all costs are economic costs. 

Market price = $120. 
Total cost = 200 + 40Q + 0.5(Q squared) 
Marginal cost = 40 + Q

35. At the profit-maximizing or loss-minimizing output level, economic profit would equal:
   $120.
   $3,000
   $6,600.
   $9,600.

36.Under these conditions, the firm should produce an output of:
   zero (i.e. shutdown).
   40.
   60.
   80.

37. At an output of 10 units, total variable costs equal:
   $45.
   $65.
   $450.
   $650.

38. If a perfectly competitive firm wanted to maximize its total revenues, it would produce:
   The output where MC equals price.
   As much as it is capable of producing.
   The output where the ATC curve is at a minimum.
   The output where the marginal cost curve is at a minimum.

39. If a perfectly competitive firm is producing a rate of output for which MC exceeds price, then the firm:
   Must have an economic loss.
   Can increase its profit by increasing output.
   Can increase its profit by decreasing output.
   Is maximizing profit.

40. If long-run economic losses are being experienced in a competitive market:
   More firms will enter the market.
   The market supply curve will shift to the right.
   Equilibrium price will rise as firms exit.
   All of the above.

Please use the attached document “Relationship Chart” for the detailed information on assignment completion.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a scoring guide. Please review the scoring guide prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.