1. What does the term ‘shadow economy’ mean? 2. How does the shadow economy affect GDP in different countries? 3. What are the main factors influencing the shadow economy? 4. Why is the shadow economy a challenge for the governments?

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GDP and shadow economy

Click on Resources – Library – type the title of the article in the Search window and Read the articles. You can also use pdf. files with the articles posted in Content – Week 1 – Articles for Discussion week 1 area.

  • “More Americans Work in the Shadow Economy” by Zumbrun, Joshua
  • “Cultural Implications for the Shadow Economy”  by Buszko, Andrzej Tomasz
  • “On Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy  by Kirchgässner, G 
  • “Shadow Economies on the Rise Around the World”  by Prentice, Chris

In your initial response to the topic you have to answer all questions:

1. What does the term ‘shadow economy’ mean?

2. How does the shadow economy affect GDP in different countries?

3. What are the main factors influencing the shadow economy?

4. Why is the shadow economy a challenge for the governments?

5. Reflection – the students also should include a paragraph in the initial response in their own words, using macroeconomic terminology, reflecting on specifically what they learned from the assignment and how they think they could apply what they learned in the workplace or in everyday life.

Please also note that your answers should be written in your own words. Don’t use quotes from the articles.

research paper on optimising squatting technique. Needs to be 5 pages.

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Need an research paper on optimising squatting technique. Needs to be 5 pages. Please no plagiarism.

Squats strengthen critical muscles in the body for instance. soleus, Sartorius, and glutes. They also reinforce the back chain of muscles that include. the hamstring, glute, and calves. Through doing squats as an exercise, an individual will be able to burn calories thus getting rid of extra fats from the body. Squats enhance the general body endurance as they will facilitate accomplishing other tasks and sporting activities (Strossen, 1989).Squatting involves five distinct steps that ought to be to achieve the best results.

If squatting is not done in the right manner, it will lead to other problems since the person involved may develop irregular body growth due to lack of balance during the entire course. To begin with, the individual is supposed to grab the bar with a medium grip. The feet should be positioned directly below the bar assuming a perpendicular angle. The bar should be put on the rear shoulder and the traps during the shoulder being up with the upper back muscles remaining tight (Puddu, Giombini, & Selvanetti, 2001).

The next step involves unracking the bar from its position by squatting up. It is achieved by the person taking a single backward step with one leg. After the bar has checked into position, you should stand steadily while the hips should lock to ensure maximum stability.Next, the individual should take a deep breath and hold it as he/she prepares to make the squat. The knees are pulled to the side while the hips move backward and downwards. The motion should continue to the point one breaks parallel.

Breaking parallel is a position whereby the hips are below the knees (Magill et al., 2014).After breaking parallel, you should hold your breath while at the bottom. The entire movement is reversed by driving the hips upwards. The knees should be maintained out with the chest up, and the upper back muscles remaining tightly held to support the body from collapsing.

Effect of the Information Revolution on the Formation of Global Cities. The work is to be 8 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

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I will pay for the following article Effect of the Information Revolution on the Formation of Global Cities. The work is to be 8 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. With the expansion and diversification of the global economy, the new market incorporates, and emphasizes organizing the production of the advanced services that are required for the development of information technology. The industrial revolution is regarded as the information age. The invention of printing, the invention of the telephone, the telegraph, the radio, motion pictures, etc. has given birth to the industrial revolution. The global city focuses on the transformation and conversion of the various processes that are considered in the process of globalization and for the revolution in information technology. The capability of entering and adapting itself in the information age depends on the education of the whole society and the process of complex information systems. The global city cannot be referred to as the place but the process in which the centers for consumption and production of the services and the related ancillary local societies are linked in a global network and concurrently downplaying the connection with their hinterlands (Sassen, 2001).

Discussion

The global economy incorporates and expands in the new market. The global city is very important and necessary in the process of globalization and providing infrastructural backbone and materials that are required for the global flow and establishes the physical sites that create the control and the command function that is required for decentralization in the global economy. The global city is related to distinctive urban form and also the theoretical objects. At the beginning of 1970, there is remarkable conversion related to the alteration in the urban fabric of various cities across the world. The growth and development in linking the network between the global cities are facilitated by the revolution of information technology. Global cities have allowed the non-contiguous and the distant spaces in developing the structure and durable interactions of people that were not available before. Global cities are connected together through the development of the digital infrastructure. The theorist of the Global city has developed and improved a long way in improving the conceptual tools that are required for nonstate centric empirics.

Death Penalty in Illinois and USA. The work is to be 9 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

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I will pay for the following article Death Penalty in Illinois and USA. The work is to be 9 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The extent to which the death penalty would act as a deterrent against graver crime such as murder, rape, arson, and armed robbery, is not clear either. Illinois is one of the states in the US to adopt the death penalty and so far has hanged 12 prisoners since 1976. While a moratorium is in existence right now, Illinois has been vacillating over some crucial legal reforms as well. By April 2008, 37 states, the federal government and the US military had authorized the death penalty. Its outcomes are yet to be known.

The death penalty was reintroduced in the USA in 1976 on the aftermath of the case Gregg v. Georgia 428, U.S. 153. Since then little more than one thousand inmates have been put to death and the practice is becoming unpopular day by in the US. Out of the 37 states which have adopted the death penalty many have questioned the credibility and efficacy of it over the years because in many cases the death penalty has rarely acted as a deterrent to would-be criminals. A big question hangs right now over its future status.

The death penalty or capital punishment in the state of Illinois was adopted in 1976. After more than three decades of practice, its efficacy in crime prevention has cast a bigger cloud over the legislative assembly of the state (Clarke and Whitt, 2007). So far 12 prisoners have been sent to gallows in Illinois and the current moratorium was declared by the then Republican Governor, George Ryan, who passionately believed after the so called “Anthony Porter’s case”. Anthony Porter spent 15 years in the death row and was declared mentally ill just two days before his execution. Subsequently, he was exonerated when it was proved by a group of student journalists that the man responsible for the crime was somebody else.

Illinois’ checkered history of capital punishment has been offered as a comparatively better case study to commute death sentences to life terms or even to scrap the death penalty. In the first place, the state has a unique history of the death penalty with 12 inmates so far hanged and 13 remaining on the death row.

research paper on the concept of specificity and sensitivity in diagnostic testing. Needs to be 2 pages.

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Need an research paper on the concept of specificity and sensitivity in diagnostic testing. Needs to be 2 pages. Please no plagiarism.

Unless clinical tests are applied and interpreted carefully, they can be very misleading (Kaneko, Kuwana, Kameda, & Takeuchi, 2011). Often, the basic premises of a diagnostic test includes two populations of people i.e. those with the disease in question and those individuals without the underlying medical condition who differ from the other group on at least a testable parameter. An example is patients who have pneumonia infiltrates on an x-ray while the control group without pneumonia does not.

When conducting a screening or a diagnostic test, there are two obvious errors that are the test can fail to identify persons who do not have a condition or it could as well falsely classify a person as having the pathological condition when they do not actually have it. It is important to note that if you adjust some threshold value in an effort of reducing one type of error, the other type of error increases. In explaining the phenomenon better, the sensitivity and specificity concepts are used in determining the accuracy of a test.

According to Donner-Banzhoff (2011), the sensitivity also referred to as the recall or true positive rate measures the actual proportion of true positives correctly identified as suffering from the disease. Thus, the sensitivity will refer to the probability that the test will turn out positive in patients known to be suffering from the condition. A test can either have a high or low sensitivity. Highly sensitive tests have&nbsp.lesser negative results and are very accurate and useful in ruling out a certain disease being tested in a population (Smith et al., 2011). An example is when a test is 96 percent sensitive, then 96 percent of the patients with the pathological condition will provide true positive results while the other 4 percent will provide false-negative results.

Highly sensitive tests are important when ruling out dangerous pathological conditions such as lumbar puncture for subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the other hand, specificity also referred to as true negative rate determines the proportion of negatives that is the proportion of healthy persons who are identified correctly as not suffering from the pathological condition being tested. It is the probability that a test will turn out to be negative in patients who are disease-free in the population being tested.

As well, the test has high or low specificity. A highly specific test has fewer positives results and is significant and useful in ruling out the disease in a test. An example is that when a test is 96 percent specific, it means that 96 percent of the patients will produce true negative results and lack the disorder while the rest 4 percent are false positives and have the pathological disorder. A specific test is important in situations where the false positive test could result in harm (Donner-Banzhoff, 2011).

An example when a specific test is used is when therapy is potentially dangerous in long-term anticoagulation therapy in determining the accuracy of the procedure. Both sensitivity and specificity are important in determining the accuracy of a test that is the overall test performance in patients with or without the disease.

research paper on classical music and infant cognitive development. Needs to be 5 pages.

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Need an research paper on classical music and infant cognitive development. Needs to be 5 pages. Please no plagiarism.

Dr. Tomatis studied the way in which the brain processes that which we listen to, noting that the left brain processed what we hear with the left ear and the right brain process that which we hear on the left. Dr. Tomatis is acknowledged has done much work in the area of hearing and listening and at which frequency individuals heard. This was the majority of his work, with the actual title of the ‘Mozart effect’ theory coming by expanded research in this area (It Takes a Village).Dr.

Francis Rauscher’s research focused on the relationship between music cognition and other areas of cognitive intelligence. She has earned international acclaim through her discovery of what is now considered the actual Mozart Effect, which is the foundation of many further studies. Dr. Rauschers’ research concluded that there was a direct correlation between early music instruction and a child’s abstract reading and arithmetic, and published the book, “Music and the Mind, Beyond Mozart” (It Takes…).

Her study begins in an effort to determine if spatial reasoning on a human being would be similar to spatial reasoning found in a logical-mathematical computer-generated model, which would play certain musical sounds related to a pattern of neural firing within the brain. They initially had a schematic of the firing pattern before spatially mapping it to different pitches, timbres, and durations and were then able to hear recognizable ‘music.’ The idea then took hold that there must be ‘something between to the link between music and the type of reasoning they were mapping spatial (Snyder, p40).

She was called in to determine if studying music would enhance spatial reasoning in a similar manner.Spatial reasoning is used to understand how two things go together in place or time, such as chess, engineering, and navigation. Rauscher began her research with preschoolers, initially once weekly, then twice&nbsp.weekly, instructing them on the keyboard.&nbsp. After only fifteen minutes students showed an improvement in spatial reasoning.&nbsp.

Using Internet sources, such as social media sites, Google Images, and other sites, you are focusing on one religion (Please select one: Buddhism, Islam or Hinduism) and doing a PowerPoint report on your chosen religion and a controversy that this religion has been involved in during the last few years. This is not a historical report, so do not do controversies that are over 40 yrs.  Length:  25-30 slides AND extra slides

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Using Internet sources, such as social media sites, Google Images, and other sites, you are focusing on one religion (Please select one: Buddhism, Islam or Hinduism) and doing a PowerPoint report on your chosen religion and a controversy that this religion has been involved in during the last few years.

This is not a historical report, so do not do controversies that are over 40 yrs.

Length:  25-30 slides AND extra slides

Format: (there should be between 5-10 online sources used for the entire presentation).Slides 1-7  Background that explains the religion (bullet points are fine) offers visuals to describe the religion, such as worship spaces, rituals, or other visual representations of the religion.Slides 8-20  Describe the controversy you have chosen and describe what the competing sides are?  Here you will use sources from online sites, but be critical consumers of online information; not everything you read about on the Internet is true.  You are just putting the sides out there with visuals that represent the controversy as well.Slides 21-25 or if needed, the conclusion may go up to slide 29  but no more).  Conclude with your own opinion on the controversy. Slide 30 is the bibliography, where you will list your 5-10 online sources.

—submit extra slides at the end of your Media Reports….these extra slides will add more to the religion you have chosen to cover in your Media Report.  For example, if you are doing Buddhism….add some music, some videos, some slides that will make your presentation more interactive than just plain slides.   – use music, videos, art, interview clips…etc, the more creative!

EXPECTATION:

Excellent presentation, writing is excellent, some very minor spelling or grammatical errors,  visuals are great, they work with the content of the slides, the format is correct, source count is met, and the slide count is met.

Please note, if you turn in a Media Report that does not meet the required slide count, you will automatically receive points in this category. — if it appears that the slide content has been “cut and pasted” into your report from uncited sources.  This is plagiarism. If this occurs, the assignment may be given points from this category, but if it is clear that the entire report has been cut and pasted from sources

Provide a 3 pages analysis while answering the following question: Initiating a Collaborative Action Research Project. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Provide a 3 pages analysis while answering the following question: Initiating a Collaborative Action Research Project. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

The preliminary stage of action research can be complicated, leaving researchers uncertain of exactly how to continue with their ideas. Therefore, as Bello (2006) claims in his article, “Initiating a Collaborative Action Research Project: From Choosing a School to Planning the Work on an Issue” the work of other authors may act as guides through different phases of action research assignments.The initial stages of research efforts are very critical (Bello, 2006). It is at this stage that picking a location, or setting, as well as kicking it in motion takes place.

In addition, negotiating a research proposal together with electing some concern for the research to dwell on occurs. Therefore, after addressing and alluding to all these, a strong base for the action research project is usually laid.A University of A Coruna and a Faculty of Education don, Bello, E. in March 2000, started an action research project. After the initiation of the project, establishing what features must be possessed by the school became a central issue. Stake (1998) as cited by Bello (2006) offered principles that may assist researchers in their school choices.

Some particular principles mentioned comprise the stage, which the research will focus on, is instructed at that specific school. Prospects for new knowledge will be obtained through. selecting this specific school, various academic or educational programs that are provided at the school, together with/or geographical position is most favorable for study (Bello, 2006).The choice of Bello was informed by the prospects to obtain new knowledge. The criteria that Bello viewed as important for selecting a school to conduct the action research project was fulfilled by Andaina Municipal Nursery School (Bello, 2006).

Thus, this specific school is reliant on local administration, supervised by teaching cooperation, and was in the course of building a new nursery, primary as well as secondary school at that given time. In addition, teachers in Indiana Municipal Nursery School appreciated teamwork and there was the existence of an open invitation for the involvement of parents. The selection of materials was based on need with the existence of a clear admiration not only of the Galician language but also its culture.

Apart from the above-mentioned features or recommended criterion to be on the lookout for in consideration of prospective schools to carry out research, it is also essential to look for an individual at a school enthusiastic to work on the project with researchers (Bello, 2006).In addition, the school must be prepared to permit researchers in, together with other volunteers involved in the project. For effective action research projects, cooperation is paramount (Bello, 2006).The other area that became of central importance is the negotiation of the research proposal (Bello, 2006).

Bello together with the other 3 people started taking, an active keen interest in the project. Thus, exchanging information during this stage was important to start the research in collaboration.By use of several discussions concerning school issues, the formula for selecting the research issue was established (Bello, 2006). Making sure that the issue interested teachers, ascertaining that the issue was of school importance as well as assessing the extent of development of every issue were all contemplations in arriving at the correct topic of research.

Thus, the utilization and promotion of the Galician language in the nursery school fulfilled all the principles mentioned above.Upon selecting the issues to be reflected on, lines were determined, choosing what to work on was first made, and appointment of the following tasks done.1. Evaluation of the subject matter as well as resources analysis.2. Examining the technique in which students would be initiated to the Galician language.3. Examining the connection between the families and the school concerning the issue4.

Scrutinizing attitudes regarding the issue5. Recording attitudes concerning the utilization of the Galician language6. Evaluating the advancement of school regulations by the Ministry of Education 7. Offering a framework for the issue, putting into action the utilization of the Galician language in the Nursery School, inside A Coruna.

submit a 1250 words paper on the topic General Motives Among Terrorists.

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Hi, need to submit a 1250 words paper on the topic General Motives Among Terrorists.

The general motives of the terrorists in this country and abroad involve coercive tactics and unlawful intimidation of the government bodies to force the government to accede to their vested interest regarding political, ideological or religious demands. The general motives of the terrorists in this country and abroad involve coercive tactics and unlawful intimidation of the government bodies to force the government to accede to their vested interest regarding political, ideological or religious demands.

&nbsp.&nbsp.Is counterterrorism a tactic of warfare or crime-fighting? What role does due process play in either context? What are the implications when terrorists can be characterized as the “enemy” rather than mere criminals?&nbsp.Counterterrorism is neither a tactic of warfare or crime-fighting but it an amalgamation of both, depending on the motives of the state or the people carrying out the deliberate act of aggression against the innocents. Tactics of warfare are normally adapted when terrorism is sponsored by the state and counterterrorism needs to be spread over a large area involving sophisticated use of resources in order to protect the lives and property of the civilians and the innocents.

&nbsp.Terrorists are people or individuals who commit intended violence against the innocents with the sole intention of harming the public and destroying the property in order to make them meet their vested political goals and religious fanatics’ demands. “For our terrorist enemies, violence is not only justified, but it is also necessary and even glorified..” (internet).When the objectives of the violence perpetrated against a large number of people, exceeds the individual vested interests of the perpetrators, to include the collective demands of certain political or religious ideology, the violence and the nefarious intentions represent the acts of enemies or terrorists and not of mere criminal who defy the state laws for their individual interests.

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writing homework on Analysis of Musical Instruments: Harp. Write a 1250 word paper answering;

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Need help with my writing homework on Analysis of Musical Instruments: Harp. Write a 1250 word paper answering;

One could say that the harp is the instrument bearing the imprints of different cultures and a lion’s share of human civilization’s history, and this statement will be supported in the current paper with help of closer insight into the harp’s history, background, and description.Waltham and Kotlicki (1774) state that “harps exist in different forms, from large factory-made concert harps to small hand-made folk harps”. This means that the harp was modified many times throughout centuries of its existence in different cultures, yet the stem always remained the same.

Therefore, the harp is a stringed musical instrument consisting of the soundboard – typically made of wood – and from 45 to forty strings, which used to be made of gut but are mostly replaced by metal or nylon nowadays. The carcass of the modern harp has a triangular shape and the size of approximately one meter (earlier versions of the harp had rectangular soundboards). The principal importance is granted to the top part of the instrument, or its neck, as all the strings going from the lower end of the harp, where they are fastened off in the firm wood strip, is secured by the crossbar containing special wrest pins that are aimed at the adjustment of each string’s pitch.

The lower end of the harp, in its turn, is referred to as a sounding board, and the wooden strip contains a hole for each string, where the latter is fastened with help of a knot. The distance between the sounding board and the neck of the harp as well as the tension set by wrest pins define the pitch of each string. The resonating power of the carcass is achieved owing to its hollowness – once a player plucks a string, the resonating body produces the sound. As far as the harp is characterized by the irregular triangular shape, the longest part of the carcass is referred to as a pillar or column.

However, early instruments were different by their external shape and thus were deprived of pillars. It is obvious that strings are very taut, and thus the primary task of the pillar is to support the neck of the harp so that it can resist the strain. Modern harps – especially those intended for concerts – also have pedals that make string adjustment easier and quicker, but the older versions of the instrument could produce only a single note in a certain position and strain of the string.