Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on submarine volcanoes.

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“Much like volcanoes on dry land, an underwater volcano is a fissure on the earth’s surface where lava is produced and can erupt.” (Raine, 2010)

The causes of a volcanic eruption cannot be analyzed without an understanding of the earth’s structure. The core of the planet is boiling and contains a reservoir of molten rock called magma. This magma is bounded by more relaxed layers of rock that form the earth’s crust, including both the ocean floor and land, which increases the internal pressure caused by heat. However, when the crust releases the tension from any opening or when the internal pressure can overcome the external force, the magma breaks through the earth’s surface. It erupts, releasing the magma in the form of molten lava and ash.&nbsp.(Raine, 2010)

The essential characteristics of submarine volcanoes are that the eruptions from the volcanoes are affected by the pressure and temperature of the water around them. (Topinka, 2003)

“…the volcanic phenomena take place very much in the same manner from the bottom of the sea as from the open surface of a continent, subject only to modifications produced by the lower temperature of the surrounding medium, and the greater external pressure, caused by the weight of the overlying column of water, which in this case becomes one of the elements of the repressive force.” (Scrope, 1862)

In shallow waters, this lava is cooled so rapidly that it transforms into ‘black sand’ or volcanic debris almost instantaneously or forms volcanic glass. (Palande, 2011)This debris is either piled-up around the volcanic vent or settles down along the seafloor. (Topinka, 2003) Eventually, the piling up emerges above the ocean’s surface in the form of volcanic islands, some of which can be seen in the south Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans. (Tufty, 1969.) (Crouse, 2012).

In the deeper part of the ocean, volcanic activity resembles the volcanoes on land in terms of shape and flows&nbsp.(Topinka, 2003). They are seen to be slightly steeper as the water speeds up the hardening.&nbsp.(Rafferty, 2011.

Compose a 2500 words assignment on cheapchip cookie companys procurement strategy. Needs to be plagiarism free! Since every business organization has a tendency to focus its attention primarily on direct material cost and direct labor cost, the incidental and accidental costs may be disregarded. This is a costly error. Variable overhead costs contribute a significant percentage to the overall cost of production. This particular aspect needs constant watching by the management because it is here that cost-cutting measures need to be adopted in advance to maximize profit margins.

Next, fixed overhead costs must also be managed with much care because here electricity and gas costs might rise even without the knowledge of the management. A significant percentage of businesses are faced with the threat of closure nowadays because of the rising energy costs. Finally, cost centers or cost drivers as they are known in accounting jargon must be identified before costs are allocated to them. Failure to do so will lead to confusion as to which area of the business has higher costs and which less.

* Operating Leverage may be defined as the ability of a firm to use its fixed operating costs (rent etc.) to magnify the effect of changes in sales on its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). The formula for Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) is 3.

The number of cookies of various categories that can be baked during 180 days is 1792 x 180 = 3,22,560 while my budgeted annual sales stand at 3,87,082 (the margin of safety output). I assume that the difference of 64,522 cookies can be baked with some overtime work assigned to full-time workers.

My calculations of the break-even points or output levels are based on a realistic assumption of what is desirable and achievable given the capacity constraint imposed by the 112 batches of cookies per 30 minutes. Working hours per day cannot be stretched beyond 8 unless overtime payment is given to those workers who willingly work after the 8-hour shift during the night. My calculations of costs both fixed and overhead are based on realistic estimates that included the additional costs of selling cookies such as the cost of 0.

25 cents per cookie sold. Also, I have taken into consideration the total fixed cost as equivalent to $ 40,000 per year excluding the depreciation charge. I have assumed a breakeven point of 70,000 cookies per annum of type C1 which is priced at $ 0.50.&nbsp.

Create a 2 pages page paper that discusses marketing plan -marketing stratgy-target customer. Marketing Plan-Marketing Strategy-Target When businesses introduce new products in the market, they need to plan on how they will market to the target consumer. Starting up by writing an outline of the marketing strategy to use is essential. A well-documented marketing strategy provides specific goals like the description of the key target buyers. competitive market segments, distribution channels, product positioning, pricing strategy, research and development and expenditure strategies. In addition, the marketing strategy should define the business and position the product as a leading product.

The first step is conducting a market research for the smart home control system (Brethauer, 9). It is important to know who is using the product, who will be interested in the product, as well as the actual people who will purchase the product, and to whom the control systems will benefit. Likewise, an adjustment should be done based on the market results. Moreover, an investigation should be conducted on the competitors of the smart home control systems. It is necessary to evaluate how the new product differs as compared to the competitors’ products. Furthermore, test the new product with focus groups to determine their feedback to the promotions.

The use of other marketing platforms to advertise the control system is vital. For example, the use of online promotions on social media like Facebook and twitter, using television spots, the use of out of home advertising is also necessary. The use of website is the most efficient way of advertising because the word today depends on technology. Most people use the internet, a visitor may land into the smart home website, and they will be able to learn more about the new product. It is also necessary to create a public relation program where the press is allowed to review the product, then writing articles to send to the public media, providing interviews to the smart homeowners and allowing them to provide detailed information about the new product.

It is also important to hold a launch event. During the launch event, many opportunities are available to present the product to target market. This will bring about brand awareness and people may be interested to purchase the product. Additionally, to evaluate the readiness of the launch to ensure that the timing is coordinated and the product is readily available after its announcement. Also, the smart home control owners should create a marketing plan tracker that will aid in doing regular follow-ups to ensure that all involved persons is informed on the undergoing of the new product. Moreover, it is important to plan on how the new product will get to the target customer. the avenues depend on the budget ability. Lastly, it is important to know what geographical regions to begin with. This is because it is easier, for instance, to market and sell the products in the urban areas as opposed to the rural areas.

In conclusion, a good marketing strategy is important for the success of new products. Marketing plans are essential for the promotion and the entry of the products into the market as well as capture the target consumer therefore, for the smart home control systems to be successful and to be accepted into people’s homes, it is necessary to have a good marketing plan that will aid in the success of the new product.

Work Cited

Brethauer, Dale M.&nbsp.New Product Development and Delivery Ensuring Successful

Products through Integrated Process Management. New York: AMACOM, 2002. Print.

Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on why we fight.

The United States was involved in the Vietnam war before American ground troops became directly engaged in combat in 1965. According to Andrew Mark Lawrence American involvement in Vietnam was predicated on Cold War rivalries with both China and the Soviet Union. “As the globe split into rival blocs headed by Washington and Moscow, conflict in Vietnam increasingly appeared to be connected to the worldwide struggle between democratic capitalism and international communism.” (Lawrence, 2008, 5) Two days after assuming the Presidency, Johnson said, “the battle against communism.

must be joined. with strength and determination.” (Quoted in Karnow, 1983, p. 339) In this context American involvement in the Vietnam war was inspired by the related motives of spreading democracy and stopping the spread of communism. On the most immediate level the precursor of American direct military involvement related to alleged violations of international law in the Tonkin Gulf in the South China Sea off the coast of Vietnam in 1964. In two separate incidents in August 1964, the USS Maddox reported exchanging fire with North Vietnamese patrol boats while it was conducting surveillance off the coast of Vietnam.

Subsequently, Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution that permitted the President to use military force to “assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance to the defense of its freedom.” (“Tonkin Gulf Resolution”, 1964) The Tonkin Gulf incident and the “Tonkin Gulf Resolution” were the immediate pretexts for American involvement in Vietnam. Therefore, in the broadest sense, the American involvement in Vietnam sprang from a desire to halt the spread of communism and to protect ‘any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance to the defense of its freedom.

‘ In this sense, American involvement in the Vietnam War was a logical policy designed to advance the national interests of the country.