write an article on Voice over IP. It needs to be at least 2000 words.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Voice over IP. It needs to be at least 2000 words. Internet telephony has gained much popularity as an easy way to communicate and make a call to distant places via the internet. It provides a feature of free telephone calls to be made with their software anywhere in the world. These internet telephony products are sometimes called VOIP products. Like e-mail spam, voice spam (also called SPIT-Spam over Internet Telephony) is a common misuse of VOIP products and services that transfer bulk messages to phones via the internet and broadcasted through VOIP.

It fights against spam before the problem of unsolicited voice calls escalates to the same level of email spam. Experiments conducted during the project clearly manifest that the designed modular framework is capable of differentiating between human call and system-generated call. These experiments also validated that this modular framework can filter calls based on mathematical calculations performed by the caller in the Turing module.

Voice spam (also called SPIT-Spam over Internet Telephony) is unsolicited bulk messages transfer to phones via the internet and is broadcasted through VoIP [5]. The contents delivered could be voice, images, or videos. Voice spam includes various kinds of advertisements, telephonic polls, and other telemarketing. The factor that has augmented the use of voice spam for advertisement and commercial purposes is the availability of VoIP services at cheaper rates. So Telemarketers find it easy and economical to send their messages out in the world [8]. But SPIT is more obtrusive compared to e-mail SPAM as one only reads e-mail spam with one’s consent according to availability of time whereas voice spam is uncalled-for and can disturb us anytime without our approval.

To identify SPIT calls we have introduced here a framework with multiple modules, which will identify these calls with the help of a reverse Turing test in the second stage of the test. We have placed an anti-SPIT server in between the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) proxy and the VoIP gateway so that every call passes through it and only a call passing the tests can reach the VoIP server and thus the caller.

research paper on physical chemistry experiment analysis. Needs to be 5 pages.

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Need an research paper on physical chemistry experiment analysis. Needs to be 5 pages. Please no plagiarism. Accuracy refers to the degree of technical intimacy between actual measurement and a known standard measurement. On the other hand, precision is concerned with the degree of reproducibility in measurements. Admittedly, both accuracy and precision are key determinants of reliability. In the presence of errors like the inaccurate molarity of NaOH, measurements in subsequent procedures are usually compromised.

This lab report covers the determination of KHP in an unknown through standardization of sodium hydroxide solution using potassium hydrogen phthalate, commonly abbreviated as KHP. NaOH is not only highly hygroscopic but also absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. These properties of NaOH yield substantial errors in the compound’s mass measurements. In practice, the actual concentration of NaOH is determined using KHP as an acidic primary standard (Stanton, 32). The equation for the reaction is KHC8H4O4 + NaOH → NaKC8H4O4 + H2O. KHP has one H+ whereas NaOH has a single OH-. On an ionic basis, H+ in KHP reacts with the OH- in NaOH to form H2O in the ratio 1:1. By titrating a weighted amount of KHP against NaOH, the actual molarity of NaOH can be derived from the resultant titration data. Once the molarity of NaOH has been determined, the percentage, purity of an impure primary standard can be deduced. A suitable indicator, which in this case is phenolphthalein, was used to indicate the titration’s end-point.

Theoretically, standardization of NaOH and determination of a primary standard’s purity are quantitative methods. Therefore, the accuracy of instrument readings is paramount in ensuring the success of volumetric analysis. In this case, the experiment began with the cleaning and calibration of instruments, primarily the burette, mass scales, and Erlenmeyer flasks. Once the instruments were ready, a solution of NaOH was prepared. Procedurally, preparing the solution of NaOH is the first step in determining the actual molarity of NaOH, which will be used in determining the percentage purity of KHP. Slightly concentrated NaOH reacts actively with CO2 to form carbonate ions, a weak base which compromises subsequent steps of a titration experiment (Stanton, 32).

submit a 1500 words paper on the topic Greenhouse Gas Emission the Greatest Contributor to the Climatic Changes. However, after being scattered or irradiated back from the surface of the earth, part of the outgoing radiation – inform of heat- escapes the planet while the greenhouse gases trap the other remaining portion.

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Hi, need to submit a 1500 words paper on the topic Greenhouse Gas Emission the Greatest Contributor to the Climatic Changes. However, after being scattered or irradiated back from the surface of the earth, part of the outgoing radiation – inform of heat- escapes the planet while the greenhouse gases trap the other remaining portion. Therefore, the amount of energy trapped inside the earth is mainly dependent on the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Nature has its own means of creating a balance in the atmosphere. Thus, the natural greenhouse gas composition has relatively zero effect on climatic conditions of the earth’s surface. However, human activities such burning of fossil fuels, urbanization, industrialization, and structural change in agriculture and forestry, have contributed significantly to the uncontrollable levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Baumann 1-2).

As a consequence of the anthropogenic production of greenhouse gases and environmental degradation, climate change and global warming has occurred. Climate change and global warming have been projected to be a threat to the survival or existence of all living organisms on the planet. This has prompted human beings to formulate mechanisms that can be used either to reverse or mitigate the current problem of climate change. One such mechanism that has been structured and adopted by many nations in response to the scientific findings that the earth is getting warmer and may lead to irreversible adverse impacts is the Kyoto Protocol (Baumann 1-5)

Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that was created to provide a framework for combating the problem of climate change and global warming. It aims at stabilizing the level of greenhouse gas, GHG, concentrations in the atmosphere, and the prevention of anthropogenic interferences with the climate (UNFCCC 1). Thus, the mission of the Kyoto Protocol is to cut down the emission of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone gases.

The Kyoto Protocol is built on principles, which are organized or labeled in a constitution-like fashion i.e. Articles. This set of articles act as rules and guidelines to the signatory countries.

prepare and submit a paper on stress in peoples lives. In this regard, stress in people’s lives is leading to a loss of academic ambition, depression, and varied physical consequences in humans globally.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on stress in peoples lives. In this regard, stress in people’s lives is leading to a loss of academic ambition, depression, and varied physical consequences in humans globally.

Nowadays, an individual at work confronts a number of challenges, from his tasks at workplace to his duties at home, etc (Boss & Mulligan, pp. 8-17). On the other hand, even a school-going child faces a number of issues concerning his academic requirements for family responsibilities, etc. In midst of all such challenges and in presence of various technologies to cater needs and requirements of humans, it is an observation that such scientific achievements have been unsuccessful in catering the emotional and psychological needs of human lives. Such failure is allowing the menace of stress to grow and become one of the most common risk factors of human deaths in the form of depression after deadly diseases such as cancer, AIDS, etc. around the globe (Pfeffer, pp. xvii).

In the result, a huge number of experts and organizations are putting efforts to identify and analyze the causes and effects of stress (Pfeffer, pp. 108) that has become a global issue in a rapid manner. One of the major factors of such a huge popularity of stress in health, as well as nonprofessional fields, is its huge scope that does not only affect the individual, but people around the individual also confront the adverse consequences physically, socially, and physiologically as well. In terms of causes, experts have identified the underlying causes of stress, ‘stressors’ (Biegel, pp. 28) that do allow the victims to use their will while controlling such individuals with the help of chemical inequalities in the body.

In specific, psychologists (Barlow, pp. 169) believe that situations are the most fundamental causes of stress that result in the pressure on individuals causing them to shift from normal status to the abnormal one. Some experts believe that&nbsp.situations can exist in the form of people as well that often put pressure on individuals in different situations and at different places, such as schools, homes, workplaces, etc.

Compose a 1250 words assignment on addiction as one of the major issues of the human race.

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Compose a 1250 words assignment on addiction as one of the major issues of the human race. Needs to be plagiarism free! Addiction to a substance is typically caused when the person experiences positive reinforcement for consuming the substance. Positive reinforcement is the experience of positive affect as a result of doing a specific act, each time the act is committed. The faster the drug produces the experience of positive reinforcement, the more addictive it can be. Addictive drugs typically cause an increase of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Some drugs do this by stimulating dopamine release by dopaminergic neurons in the mesolimbic system, and others do so by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine by terminal buttons. PET studies with different drugs have provided evidence for these claims. Often, people also obtain negative reinforcement in the form of relief from adverse stimuli when they consume the said substance. Negative reinforcement entails the reduction of adverse experiences on committing an act. Addictive substances cause both these experiences to occur, and thus the person is motivated to continue to consume the substance.

Addiction is usually characterized by both tolerances to the substance and withdrawal. Tolerance is a reduced sensitivity to the substance with regular consumption. Thus, the person has to consume larger amounts of the substance to achieve the same experience. It is believed that tolerance occurs because the consumption of addictive substances affects the homeostatic mechanisms. This causes the body to produce the opposite effects to those caused by the drug in an attempt to re-create a balance. Thus, larger and larger doses are required to counter these changes and achieve a ‘high’. Withdrawal is the experience of symptoms that are the opposite of what the person experiences on consuming the substance in the event that they stop consuming it.&nbsp.Withdrawal is basically a state in which the changes in the brain functioning become evident once the effect of the drug has worn off.

Provide a 5 pages analysis while answering the following question: Personality Concept of Oscar Wilde. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Provide a 5 pages analysis while answering the following question: Personality Concept of Oscar Wilde. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. For Oscar Wilde, it is not until during the trials that he was forced to confront the heterosexual bias of the community. Although the events of his life describe him otherwise, Oscar can be described as a secretive person and was never identified as a homosexual. However, Lord Alfred Douglas, who was his youthful lover, described Oscar as one of the greatest charms and that he was natural, and most of the time he uttered without fear and respect of any persons. He would exactly express what he might think in any given situation. However, it can be noted that there was no reason for someone like Oscar to self-identify as homosexual.

In addition, Wilde through his art and actions can be seen as someone who did not lie but when he was called upon by society to defend his questionable character he was obliged to confront the reality of his uniqueness. Undoubtedly, there were situations women and men came out before Wilde, but it was not until the time that a public face gets to identify who Wilde was. However, Wilde’s repercussions and the trials sent ripples via social status worldwide.

Wilde can be acknowledged today as well as during his time as a man, who was a literary genius. However, Oscar Wilde at the tender age of 20 left Ireland in order to study at Oxford University, England, and he eventually attained a brilliant academic record. Already, when he was still a young man he had gained a reputation as a dandy, and as well-being a witty conversation master (Moran, 1999). He was at the height of a relatively short career with two of his plays that he wrote running on the West End, and a lecture tour that he carried out in the United States under his belt, and poems as well as a novel. During this time, Wilde also developed a reputation in London as a man who loved being in the company of young men, most from the lower socio-economic classes.

Wilde can also be described as a person who did not wish to be seen as a coward or a deserter.&nbsp. The built to the climactic times started when Wilde decided to stay in London for his third trial and faced the consequences of his decision of bringing Queensberry to court and this resulted in his imprisonment, losing wife and sons, as well as the auctioning of his literary work as well as belongings.

Complete 2 pages APA formatted article: Job Evaluation in a Hospital. According to the hospital job analyst, evaluation of jobs is done using quantitative systems, since the hospital is complex and has many jobs done within it. They, therefore, use the following quantitative systems to evaluate their jobs:

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Complete 2 pages APA formatted article: Job Evaluation in a Hospital. According to the hospital job analyst, evaluation of jobs is done using quantitative systems, since the hospital is complex and has many jobs done within it. They, therefore, use the following quantitative systems to evaluate their jobs:

The Point System

Under this method, they award points to different jobs based on the degree to which the job possesses the compensable factors in comparison with the objective standards set for any particular job. In this case, different points are assigned to the jobs depending on the level of education required e.g. Ph.D. or degree level, where those that require a Ph.D. level of education are assigned higher points compared to those that require only a degree level. Similarly, different points are also awarded on the job depending on the nature and complexity of the job like the surgeons, which require high mental demands, will be assigned a high point in ranking. This ensures that the right remuneration package is awarded depending on the number of points a job has. According to the analyst, this method has the advantage that the system can remain in operation for a long period of time before it is changed and it is also objective compared to other systems (Solomon, 1947)

Factor comparison

Factor comparison is also another system they use in the hospital to evaluate the different jobs. He however explains that this method is not so often used. Under this method of job evaluation, compensable factors are identified in determining the value of a particular job. The compensable factors, in this case, includes the skills required in a particular job, the effort needed to do the job, working conditions, and the responsibilities assigned to a particular job. The next thing is to identify a benchmark job, which includes a fair pay package to the employees and a range of factors. The jobs are then priced, and total pay divided and allocated to each factor. Once they have done all this, all the other jobs are compared with the benchmark jobs and their remuneration packages in determining the rates of pay (Bratton and Gold, 2001).

He attributes this method to have several advantages among them being that it can be applied to many jobs in an organization. it is also applicable to newly created jobs and considers the value of the job in monetary terms. He however cautions that the method is subjective in its judgment which has affected its applicability

Who conducts the Job Evaluation?

According to the job analyst, job evaluation in the hospital is carried out by a compensation analyst within the human resource department. In some cases, the job evaluation is conducted by a compensation committee appointed to carry out the work of evaluation by gathering the information pertaining to the job as observed by Solomon (1947). Large hospitals however prefer adopting the system of appointing a compensation committee since it enhances acceptance from the employees and ensures fairness in designing remuneration package.

write an article on Policy about International Covenant the Australian. It needs to be at least 2250 words.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Policy about International Covenant the Australian. It needs to be at least 2250 words. Significant Dates/Events (a) On 2nd April 1954, the Petrov Affair was commenced. This followed from the events that prompted Vladmir Petrov of Russia to deflect from his country and seek asylum in Australia. The Asylum was granted.

(d) On 3rd September 2001, Operation Relax commences. This operation was meant to interdict any and all vessels carrying asylum seekers. The operation was led by The Defense Forces. in a period not exceeding one month, 13 vessels were interdicted.

(e) On 23rd October 2002, the Australian government selected a committee to investigate the Tampa affair, SIEV X, and the Pacific Solution. The committee found out that children had been thrown overboard a foreign ship.

Is there an agreement? (a) There is an agreement that the policies and laws regarding refugees and asylum seekers in Australia need to be reviewed. These laws need comprehensive reviews in order to reflect the changing humanitarian conditions and laws.

(b) Whereas any given country has the right and freedom to design its own laws and regulations regarding asylum seekers, countries should never be excused for undermining the rights of children and juveniles. whether they are native or refugees.

(c) The laws and regulations regarding refugees and asylum seekers should be reviewed in such a way that it considers the needs and concerns of humans. Though harshness and strictness are supposed to aid the process of reducing potentially harmful individuals, due regard should be given to human life and dignity.

Evaluation Strategy (a) To evaluate the effects of asylum seekers on the security of the people of Australia, it would be necessary to analyze the security situation and provide the link between the security situation and the influx of asylum seekers.

(c) Implementation follows immediately after evaluation.&nbsp.

write an article on Categories of Planning Theory. It needs to be at least 2250 words.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Categories of Planning Theory. It needs to be at least 2250 words. A theory is arguably used positively to criticize a piecemeal or knee-jerk reaction in the context of not having any theoretical ground. Beyond its rhetorical use, a theory is also arguably used to cover several ideas or propositions from Einstein’s theory of relativity to the explanation that the connection of birth, as well as, comparative point of stars will power daily experiences hence could be described as a diffuse phenomenon.

Regardless of the controversy surrounding the definition of this word, a theory is an explanatory supposition which can be defined broadly or narrowly. Its key element is that it abstracts some distinctiveness of realism in the effort of isolating and describing its core features. A theory must be in practice for a given duration of time to evaluate its purpose. It should include some elements of prediction or prescription to guide action. Essentially the elements of a theory include its abstract from reality a set of general or specific principles that could be used as a basis of explaining and acting with the theory being tested.2 There are numerous categories of theory. They include. normative, respective, empirical, models, conceptual frameworks or perspectives, theorizing. These theories provide a useful way of going beyond the general idea of theories.

The term ‘planning’ means different things to different people. In this context, planning is viewed as a discipline with strong technical basis. It works in terms of applying various techniques, models and formulas to solve problems. Moreover, it results to presenting itself as a science where it focuses on objectively solving problems by value-neutral planners.3 Yet another dimension describes planning as an art of decision and plan making. Planning systems have evolved over time in the need to organize and regulated human society and its surroundings. Diverse societies all over the world over centuries have diverse sets of values.

Planning systems and their roles change over time due to the change in societal values and the advent of technological developments, hence the need to understand the context of social and historical changes.

write an article on Categories of Planning Theory. It needs to be at least 2250 words.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Categories of Planning Theory. It needs to be at least 2250 words. A theory is arguably used positively to criticize a piecemeal or knee-jerk reaction in the context of not having any theoretical ground. Beyond its rhetorical use, a theory is also arguably used to cover several ideas or propositions from Einstein’s theory of relativity to the explanation that the connection of birth, as well as, comparative point of stars will power daily experiences hence could be described as a diffuse phenomenon.

Regardless of the controversy surrounding the definition of this word, a theory is an explanatory supposition which can be defined broadly or narrowly. Its key element is that it abstracts some distinctiveness of realism in the effort of isolating and describing its core features. A theory must be in practice for a given duration of time to evaluate its purpose. It should include some elements of prediction or prescription to guide action. Essentially the elements of a theory include its abstract from reality a set of general or specific principles that could be used as a basis of explaining and acting with the theory being tested.2 There are numerous categories of theory. They include. normative, respective, empirical, models, conceptual frameworks or perspectives, theorizing. These theories provide a useful way of going beyond the general idea of theories.

The term ‘planning’ means different things to different people. In this context, planning is viewed as a discipline with strong technical basis. It works in terms of applying various techniques, models and formulas to solve problems. Moreover, it results to presenting itself as a science where it focuses on objectively solving problems by value-neutral planners.3 Yet another dimension describes planning as an art of decision and plan making. Planning systems have evolved over time in the need to organize and regulated human society and its surroundings. Diverse societies all over the world over centuries have diverse sets of values.

Planning systems and their roles change over time due to the change in societal values and the advent of technological developments, hence the need to understand the context of social and historical changes.