Write 2 pages with APA style on Money & Banking. Kindleberger and the Minsky Model Back in 1977, Charles Kindleberger introduced the Minsky-inspired model in his analysis of the financial crises in Western Europe and North America. Hyman Minsky’s work argues that these crises are caused by disruptions that includes but are not limited to wars, natural disasters or bounties, and political turmoil. These events cause a displacement of the macroeconomic system and change the economic outlook of the stakeholders in the financial sector. This can result to the depletion of capital in some sector and overvaluation on some as investments are realigned. It is in these circumstances wherein the so-called boom emerges. This boom in the financial sector as most crises have demonstrated is typified by a fragility that made much worse by credit and speculation. According to Kindleberger, this leads to a series of events such as how price increases leads to a rush for investment as profit opportunities loom large. This is an event that feeds upon itself: the opportunities that promise profit would bring in a new wave of investors and that the positive feedback that is perceived in the process and the outpour of investment increases further profit, which then encourages further investments. He then explained how this leads to what Minsky called as euphoria and when the speculation variable is thrown in, it finally results in overtrading, which aggravate the fragility of the situation. As speculation and overtrading bring in more investors, the probability of crashes increases as speculation for profit drives the ‘manias’ or ‘bubbles’.” During the feverish economic activity driven by speculative boom, a point is identified to emerge wherein prices start to level and uncertainty start to creep in. This situation, in Kindleberger’s theory creates a period of financial distress, which finally launches a steady downward spiral: There is an inevitable burst as the market started the race to withdraw. In the event of a rush to liquidate, the bubble bursts and further panic ensues. The problem will reach crisis proportions as financial institutions fail, prices decline and the number of bankruptcies spike. This stage, according to Kindleberger, is called revulsion when panic finally seizes the economic system, which is aggravated by liquidity, which, though orderly at times, can actually degenerate and spin out of control, feeding the panic further in the process. The Kindleberger’s revulsion of concept is more popularly known in the nineteenth century as “discredit.”

There are other variables that contribute to financial crises. This is highlighted in the dynamics of the relationship between hedge, speculation and the ponzi scheme. These variables are crucial factors that indicate a series of events that finally ends in a financial crisis. According to the Minsky model, in fragile financial situation, hedge finance gradually transforms into speculative finance. This happens as receipts no longer balance the payments. The system would, finally, give way to ponzi finance as cycles of borrowings ensue. This chain of events increases the financial volatility and the probability of households defaulting on their loans. The historical approach by which Kindleberger explained the financial crises also highlighted the adverse effects of failing to heed the lessons of history. The financial reforms being undertaken today is a move towards the right direction as these are mostly based on previous experiences. This is also demonstrated in the importance given to saving institutions especially in times of crises. As Kindleberger believed that the fate of an economic system relies on the viability of its firms.

All in all, the origins of financial crises are diverse. This is the reason why it has many forms. A commonality, however, is the latency of the financial volatility and while the financial sector may not be entirely unstable, crises could escalate fast. In order to avoid them or address them, there is a need to turn to previous experiences. This is highlighted by how the Minsky model underscored the limitation of the supply and demand analysis of the financial cycle. It cannot account for numerous variables such as shocks and distress in explaining price movements, for instance.

Need help with my writing homework on Role of Language in Different Areas of Knowledge. Write a 1250 word paper answering; It is essentially a common sense of usage to say that language is a method of verbal or written communication between two parties. It would be beyond the scope of this project to consider communications between animals or between animals and humans to be a part of the language itself but communications between humans who speak the same language are certainly under discussion here. Moreover, it would be impossible to discuss the peculiarities of one or more languages with regard to how the speakers of that language acquire knowledge but it is possible to discuss both in general terms.

Therefore, as recommended by Chomsky (1997), while dealing with language in the context of knowledge, it is important to consider language as an internalized mechanism for obtaining knowledge. In and of itself, the definition of language given by the American Linguist Leonard Bloomfield is quite acceptable to Chomsky (1997, Pg. 7) since Bloomfield defines language as, “the totality of utterances than can be made in a speech community”. Chomsky is less appreciative of the definition of language given by Quine who calls language, “a complex of present dispositions to verbal behavior (Chomsky, 1997, Pg. 12)”. The simpler definition becomes more relevant when we consider how complex the definition of knowledge can be.

When it comes to knowledge, Chomsky divides knowledge into two branches with regard to the importance of language in each. The first branch is called “knowledge-how” and the second branch is “knowledge-that”. ‘Knowledge how’ has to do with the way things work and way processes known to us take place in the world around us. ‘Knowledge that’ connects deeply with events that take place around us and both these branches of knowledge combine to give us the ability to take part in as active members of society.

As discussed by Chomsky (1997) language is fundamental to&nbsp.both forms of knowledge since, without language, ideas would not find their expression in either branch.

Provide a 6 pages analysis while answering the following question: The Origin of the Moon. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Today, people more or less look upon the moon as ‘eye candy’ and pay little attention to its cycles. This was not the case for our ancestors who carefully monitored its movements. Several calendars of ancient civilizations were based on the cycles of the moon and some are currently such as the Islamic calendar. The date of the Chinese New Year is set by the cycle of the moon. The Sun was used by man until relatively recently to measure short intervals of time but the moon was judged more reliable for long-time measurements. What is commonly known as a month is based on the 29-day cycle of the moon. The term ‘month’ is derived from the term ‘month.’ “Without the moon’s cycle we might have ended up with a very different way of keeping track of time, and we most probably would have called it something other than a month” (Miles & Peters, 2001). The Christian celebration of Easter is calculated by determining the first Sunday following the first occurrence of a ‘full’ moon subsequent to the beginning of the Spring Equinox. The reason for this is that Christians had traditionally used the light of the ‘full’ moon to aid in their pilgrimage to their holy lands for Easter.

Though the moon is the closest object to Earth and has been explored by man, questions remain regarding its exact origins and whether or not life ever existed on or within it or if it could sustain life. It was discovered more than a century ago that the moon’s density is less than Earth’s. Galileo noticed craters on the moon’s surface through the use of the telescope in the 1600s. Currently, more is known about the moon than any other celestial body, the knowledge that was inconceivable until recent times (Hamilton, 2005). Prior to the common use of telescopes, when the moon was viewed unaided, all that could be discerned were two distinct kinds of topography, dark and bright areas configured in a way that produced the illusion of the ‘Man in the Moon.

I need some assistance with these assignment. raging grannies Thank you in advance for the help! They organize peaceful protests and sing their political messages in places such as shopping malls, city halls, armed forces recruiting centers where they stage anti-globalization demonstrations. Furthermore, they have perfected the art of humor to draw the attention of the public and authorities to various issues that afflict the society (Sawchuk, 2013). Evidently, these women are feminists that use the satirical protest to advance their mission of social justice. In this regard, this paper explores the major strategies that raging grannies employ in fulfilling their mission.

Raging grannies insist that they do not entertain the public with their humor but actually seek to advance various interventions regarding the issues in question. Incidentally, they have a powerful mission that reads:

The voices of raging grannies transcend the borders of North America. Moreover, they have a powerful determination to rally the world towards embracing the best practices in order to mend the broken social fabric. In this regard, they have spread to other countries. They usually dress up in clothes that betray the stereotypes of older women. Thus, they have had a long history of attention from journalists.

Raging grannies first came into focus in Victoria, BC in 1987 (Caissie, 2011, 126-142). Evidently, they had registered various frustrations regarding societal ills such as sexism and ageism that existed in the society. Incidentally, past traditional modes of protesting did not bear any fruit. Thus, these women decided to exploit various forms of protesting to raise the attention to the issues that were of great concern. Consequently, they gathered on Valentine’s Day and presented an oversized card to the chairman of the federal defense committee (Sawchuck, 2009). This presentation was in protest of the nuclear policies in Canada.

I will pay for the following article Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and Paul. The work is to be 1 page with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. RELIGION: SCARED SPACES AND TIMES SACRED SPACES AND TIME Sacred Space: Sites specially designed to have been set from every day’s life and consecratedincludes sacred performance that refuses traditions of theatrical space. (Kletter and Gittlen)

Sacred Time: Commemorates the intrusion of sacred power into any ordinary world. It is different from normal/profane time individual extraordinary actions may be required. Religious people recreate sacred time on regular cyclical bases such as holy days, calendars, rituals, ritesand pilgrimages. (Kletter and Gittlen)

Functions of Sacred Space, Paradoxes and Tillich Principles

Types of sacred spaces may include mountains, trees, rivers and any features or events of nature. The natural phenomenon is the evidence of divine holy presence. Relative to architecture, buildings may be erected alongside the site and rituals performed in the site. Shrines, temples and any other stationary fixtures housing sacred deeds mark sacred sites. Temples can function as churches, synagogues, mosques or congregational meeting places. A site like altars contains holy objects and designated sacred spaces within a building. Sacred buildings may be used for congregational gatherings during the occasions for making sacred time. Examples of sacred building are prayer rugs, tallit’s and Torah scrolls, altars or objects, shrines, roadside memorials and other portable sacred spaces for prayer, sacrifice, etc.

Architecture and art have led to the design of sacred places like altars that appear elevated within a building space. Designs of the altar may signify that the place is sacred like decorating them with the purple color, etc. The general design of sacred places and building distinctively identifies the area from other ordinary structures by having some prominent signs on them e.g. the signs of the cross on top of the roofs of any Catholic churches. Art and idolatry are interconnected like Iconoclasts (Jews, Muslims, Catholics and some Protestant churches) consider images and statues to be idolatrous, and these mostly are forbidden in their religious laws. Icons in some churches serve as focal points for encountering God. According to Tillich, history moves from powers of origin, with their legitimate unjust structures of traditional domination by prophetic criticism and kairos to fulfillment based on justice structures. The whole process being one of sacramental participation to end in culminating sacrament of theology. Secular history manifests autonomous movement parallel to that of ecclesia-movement of its Catholic sacred substance through independent yet prophetic principle to the fulfillment of both religious and its prophetic elements.

There is a paradox at the coupling of art and sacred places. They seem naturally apt to one another, similar to present forms of sacred and art are both different and estranged, and they need specific intellectual engagement, cultural activities brings them together as one. Paradoxically, modern art and architecture connects to us deeply. Design and appearance of sacred space or object poses a deeper meaning of that space or object. It shows styles used by congregations. They may be so hostile to traditional religious imagery but they turned out to be a surprisingly rhyming. The change of Christian arts is still continuing this days,

in the example, work of Maggi Hambling has been done in parishes.

The sacramental principle today applies in the Cathedral though both of the principles are intertwined and no clear boundaries today.

Reference

Kletter, R., & Gittlen, B. (2003). Sacred Time, Sacred Space: Archaeology and the Religion of Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, (329), 99. Doi: 10.