Complete 8 pages APA formatted article: Media Ethnography. There are many factors the content producers take into consideration while producing their text. They are audience engagement, audience expectations, audience fore-knowledge, audience identification, audience placement, and audience research. Though there are various methods adopted for media research, in recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of ethnography as it is claimed by many that in order to understand a group, it is very important to live with them and to ‘become one among them’.

Theories on Media and Audience

According to the Frankfurt School (Cited in Hanes, 2000), media is like a hypodermic syringe. and this ‘Effects’ model envisions that media injects its contents into the thoughts of the audience, and the audience accepts the thoughts, opinions, attitudes, and beliefs expressed by the media without questions.

Evidently, this model has its birth based on the German fascist use of media for propaganda which was later followed by the American capitalist society. However, theorists were sure that the media does not have such a direct influence on the minds of people. According to some, media only has a weaker influence on people. Other more prominent influences will be factors like religion and personal contacts. As Gunter (2000, pp. 10-11) opines, the ‘Effects’ model failed mainly because it did not take audiences as individuals with their own beliefs, opinions, and attitudes.

Another new approach to the relation between media and audience was the ‘Uses and Gratification’ model. This model does not look into how media affects the audience, but how the audience uses the media. According to the new concept, audiences have various needs, and for the fulfillment of these needs, they turn to media for the consumption of information. This model acknowledges that the audience has a choice of texts to choose from. The Uses and Gratification model assumes that the audiences’ wish for satisfaction results in the media providing output to fulfill their desires. So, this is against the Effects model that claims that audiences are made to enjoy whatever is produced by the media.

I need help creating a thesis and an outline on Psychology as the Study of the Mind or the Soul. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. The year 1879 is generally regarded as the year in which psychology as a formal science was officially born. A German scholar named Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who was trained in both philosophy and medicine, had written in his first book on sense perception in 1862 that psychology could become science only if it employed the experimental method in studying the workings of the mind. In a subsequent publication in 1873, he announced that he intended to make psychology a science, and he established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Others in both North America and Europe were also doing psychological research at this time. Still, Wundt’s laboratory was the first to be formally established and have its research results published in a scholarly journal. These are among the reasons that he is credited as the primary founder of the modern psychology discipline.

Many of America’s early psychologists received their training in Wundt’s lab. The focus of research in the Leipzig Laboratory was on sensation, perception, imagery and attention. Wundt doubted that more complex processes could be studied experimentally. One of Wundt’s favourite research methods was “trained introspection.” Wundt and his associates and students trained research subjects to carefully observe and analyse their own mental experiences – including sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions – under controlled conditions. The training of subjects in introspection was rigorous and exhaustive. Wundt hoped that by providing such training, he could produce reliable, verifiable, objective results. In the long run, however, it proved to be impossible to use introspection to produce reliable results and the approach was abandoned as a research technique by other psychologists.

In the early days of psychology, there were two dominant theoretical perspectives. Structuralism was the name given to the approach pioneered by Wundt. The term originated from Edward Titchener, an American psychologist who Wundt had trained. Structuralism relied on trained introspection, a research method whereby subjects related what was going on in their minds while performing a certain task.

Write 2 pages thesis on the topic social class in the us. Sawhill, Isabel (2006) in a Policy Brief stated that while the US economy performed well, most of the benefits of such success were reaped by those at half top of the income distribution strata, especially those at the top one percent (or those with an income of more than about $400,000 in 2006).

In the same Policy Brief, Sawhill confirms that indeed, the class still matters in the American

Society, stressing that it takes at least five generations to totally free one from circumstances of birth or family background. Sawhill adds that as the gap widens among the income levels or groups, it has become harder for people to move up, as the topmost of the ladder becomes more and more solid and strong, accumulating more and more wealth.

Immigrants, illegal or otherwise, represent cheap, reliable labor for American businesses. The documented and legal immigrants mostly have no education or reached only high school level, which makes it harder for them to land on high-paying jobs. Even their children tend to not continue to go to school but instead engage in jobs to augment their families’ incomes.

Education, they say, is the great leveler. However, the US does not provide equal access to quality education to its people. The majority of the immigrants’ kids go to public schools which are below par the other schools across the nation. Even the funding for Bilingual Education has been debated upon, most probably towards its abolition.

It is therefore no wonder that recent trends had been that these immigrants are going back to their homes, primarily to seek better opportunities at their homelands, and secondly to be near their loved ones back home. The US may be a land of opportunity to some, but definitely not for everyone. It is not really a matter of the hardworking, persistent winning the race. It is still a matter of who one’s parents were, where one went to school, how much power does one hold, among other factors that really matter in order to live the American Dream.

Write 5 pages with APA style on Divorce Harms Children. Conflicts often lead to despair reflected through the child’s immaturity, poor performance at the school level, social segregation, poor level of cognitive development, and lack of confidence. Childhood as a formative period of human life bears immense importance for the future development of adulthood. It deserves a detailed discussion on the possible harmful effects on a child arising from a divorce of his parents. Furthermore, it is also interesting to note whether it bears any positive fruit for the child as well.

Divorce is a multifaceted problem and the level of its misdeed depends upon the associated individuals. In this era of price inflation, cost of living is kissing the zenith. In this circumstance, a divorce will always bring certain financial bottleneck for most of the individuals. For a single mother who is not working, it is hard to bring up her child with the present level of social security. Such a financial setback might lay hurdle in the progress of the child’s education and career building. Again, the financial bottleneck can get reflected through his clothing and toys or recreational tools. This brings in the certain level of envy towards his other mates. A child tends to understand and feel the world from his immediate surroundings and the people he has the closest access to. Hence the way he interprets the world and its people depends a lot on the kind of parenthood he gets. The level of insecurity that he is subject to from his very childhood might turn him into an introvert and also a kind of distrust gets embedded in his young heart.

A child with a single parent might find himself socially misfit since from the very beginning of childhood he distinguishes himself from others since he finds himself under the care of single parents, unlike many others who are getting the attention from both the father and the mother.

I will pay for the following article Going Out to Eat at a Nice Restaurant. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. There were many occasions where we would go out to eat at a nice restaurant because of a special occasion, i.e. birthday, Christmas, or just a general celebration, but none of these really stick in my mind. The reason is that all of these things came around once each year so it was more like a ritual or a habit rather than a celebration. The time that I remember the most is when my family and I went on our holiday out of the country. It was a small island located in the Caribbean, and it was a special moment in my childhood. The setting was remarkable as the waves crashed against the shore while a magnificent sunset occurred daily. There was one restaurant on that island that I shall never forget because of the awesome feeling I got from the delicious food that they served.

Once we arrived to eat, the waiters and waitresses came to take our order. My siblings and I were given permission from our parents to select whatever dish or dishes we wanted because we would likely never be able to return here again. As all kids do, I immediately fixed my eyes on the most expensive item on the menu. It did not occur to me at that young age that price doesn’t necessarily equate to quality, but that did not matter to me. I was feeling famished and I couldn’t wait to tuck into the most delicious dinner dish I had ever tasted. While we were waiting for our food to arrive, we noticed the ambiance in this particular restaurant. There was a young lady quietly playing the violin over in the corner, while the flickering lights created a sense of calm over the whole place.

After some time our food was brought out to us. not the main course, just the entrée. As I chose not to order one of these, I had to wait a little bit longer for my food. After the rest of my family had finished their appetizers, we noticed a long-bearded man come into the room and begin to play his guitar. He was quite talented with this musical instrument, and the remarkable sound coming from his guitar kept our minds off the impending arrival of our main courses.