You will prepare and submit a term paper on Ratio analysis. Your paper should be a minimum of 2500 words in length. The former is used to compare the performance of the firm within itself in terms of aspects such as improvement in management skills and finance handling. The latter is used to compare the performance of the firm within its industry of operation. Such comparisons will consider fundamental aspects of operations like profitability. In profitability, an increase or decrease is established and the causes of each including what can be done to stabilize profitability and grow it further. The liquidity of the firm is also quite fundamental as this would enable management know how to plan operations and sources of financing. Therefore, ratio analysis is used in the determination of trends as it strives to expose the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Ratios can be either favorable or unfavorable depending on whether the increase or decrease is in the desired direction (Dess 2012). For our analysis of Apple Incorporation’s financial statement of the year 2012 compared to that of the year 2011, we will categorize ratios into the following – Profitability Ratios. Liquidity ratios. Efficiency Ratios and Capital structure ratios. Profitability Ratios They measure the ability of the company to generate profits from their asset investments. Such ratios include- Gross Profit margin, which is the profit before expenses generated by sales as a percentage. There is the Net Profit margin which are the earnings before depreciation and tax generated by sales. Then there is the Return on Equity(ROE)/Net Worth/ Shareholders funds/ Investments(ROI), this is the ratio of the earnings after tax plus preference dividends contributed by share capital and reserves. The fourth ration in this category is the Return on total assets (ROTA) which indicates how much the Fixed and Current Assets of a company contributes to the Earnings before Interest and Tax (EBIT). Return on Capital Employed is the next, it indicates how equity and Fixed interest capital contributes to the EBIT, and finally we have the Operating Expenses Ratio indicating the percentage of sales consumed by the operating expenses. An increase in these ratios from the previous period is considered favorable while a decrease in the last ratio is considered favorable. The ratios as shown by the financial data by Apple incorporation between the years 2011 and 2012 financial statements are as shown in the table below. RATIO FORMULA YEAR 2012($ in Millions) YEAR 2011($ in Millions) 1. Gross Profit Margin = (Gross Profit/Sales)*100 (66,662/156,508)*100 = 43.87% (43,818/108,249)*100 = 40.48% 2. Net Profit Margin =(EBIT/Sales)*100 (55,241/156,508)*100 = 35.30% (34,790/108,249)*100 = 32.14% 3. ROE/ROI =(EAT+ Pref. dividends/Owner’s Equity)*100 (41,733/118,210)*100 = 35.30% (25,922/76,615)*100 = 33.83% 4. ROTA =(EBIT/Total Assets)*100 (55,241/176,064)*100 = 31.38% (34,790/116,371)*100 = 29.90% 5. ROCE =(EBIT/Total Capital Employed)*100 (55,241/118,210)*100 = 46.73% (34,790/76,615)*100 = 45.41% 6. Operating Expenses Ratio =(Operating Expenses/Sales)*100 (13,421/156,508)*100 = 80.58% (10,028/108,249)*100 = 9.26% As indicated by the profitability ratios, there was a general increase in profitability of Apple Inc between the year 2011 and 2012. The gross profit margin shows a rise from 40.48% in 2011 to 43.87% in 2012. Such an increase was because of the increase in. sales from 108,249 in 2011 to 156,508 in 2012. An increase of the net profit margin from 32.14% to 35.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on IMC Proposal London Zoo Marketing. Your paper should be a minimum of 1000 words in length. As part of the IMC dissertation proposal for ZSL London Zoo, this report will give the readers an overview of the market competitive framework. In line with this, the market structure of London Zoo will first be tackled followed by comparing the profile and marketing activities of ZSL’s major competitors and discussing the importance of continuously promoting the central brand. Based on the product life cycle analysis, the current distribution policy and pricing policy will be tackled in details. Chapter II – Literature Review Overview of the Market Competitive Framework Although there are more than 100 zoos throughout the United Kingdom, the only 3 zoos that are currently operational in London include the Battersea Park Children’s zoo, the Sea Life London Aquarium, and the London Zoo (Zoo Keepers, 2009). Among these four zoos that are currently operational in this area, only the London Zoo is classified as the major zoo throughout the United Kingdom. (See Appendix I – Major Zoo Operators in London on page 7) Given that there are only three zoos being operational in London, its market structure is classified as oligopoly. In line with this, Arnold (2010, p.

Compose a 1500 words assignment on the business environment influences the decision making. Needs to be plagiarism free! business glossary, the concept of business environment encompasses diverse elements, which are capable of influencing the activities and operations of an organization directly or indirectly. These factors include competitors, customers, distributors, suppliers, substitutes, industry trends, government activities, regulations, demographics, economy, innovations, competitors, social and cultural factors, and all the technological developments. This environment of the business can also be termed the operating environment (Quantumiii, 2012).&nbsp.

The definition clearly exhibits that the external forces, which are aggregative in nature, are the significant players in the decision making of an organization and are the elements that make up the part of the business environment. They are specific as well as general in nature and keep the environment of the business dynamic so that it is well-aligned with the changing preferences of customers as well as with the advancements in innovative technologies. However, these factors make up a largely uncertain business environment due to their varying nature, and thus, the environment of one region or country can possibly be different from that of another region or country.

The nature of the business environment is significant. Some organizations operate with a placid or static environment. In such a context, it is reasonable for them to assume that the future of the firm will be a continuation of its past strategies and circumstances. Such organizations may be in a happy situation in current times and can afford to limit their anticipations and analysis of the environment management to history only. However, such firms may not be properly aware of the changes occurring in the nature of their business environment.

On the other hand, there are many organizations that may also experience a turbulent environment due to the brisk dynamism of changing forces. One of the alternatives may be the fact that their environment is complex, and thus,&nbsp.is complicated to analyze and anticipate in order to be proactive in decision making.

Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Flex Ones Rights. It needs to be at least 750 words. Flex one’s Rights The lecture by the lawyer, who gathered people together and wanted to persuade them into “making law work for them”. Music accompaniment we heard from the very beginning of this documentary or short movie. We can see the building of the court and the atmosphere is rather specific. As a rule, people go to the courts to solve their current problems and to find decisions of justice in their cases. At first, there are used tactics of ethos and proclamations of the lawyer look like lectures of the prophet! When an African American man starts talking about the situation of his experience of unjust attitude of the police, we look at the night city and see a tired and a depressed young man, who got out of the car by the policeman and told that he was arrested because he showed a “bad attitude” towards him. This situation shows a cruel attention of the policeman to a citizen. Unjust and unfair strategies of the policeman cannot be correlated with the realities of the law. The lawyer explains strategies of dealing with the police. First, be calm and cool. The modes of behavior are described step by step. For example, the lawyer said that there was a need to be calm, to have a positive language of body. A common sense should be the major trigger of communication with the policeman. His claims are supported by video clips, which show the way attitude of the police officers is changed, when a suspect follows the directions of the lawyer. In the following part of text we have an opportunity to refer to Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the Constitution. In accordance with them, we can see that protection of one’s rights is on behalf of an individual. It is better to pull over immediately, put one’s hands on the wheel and it will be unsuspicious for the policeman. At the same time, there is a right to refuse searches. It is better to follow the directions of the police and, of course, don’t get tricked! It is appropriate to ask direct questions to the police officers and listen to their comments with understanding. In any case, police searches should be in consent with a car owner. Suspicious things should be removed from the car. For example, some tinned cans, empty bags etc can remind police of some crimes. Actually, a suspect should not resist to police officers. Nevertheless, a representative from the community of color can have special problems with the police, because of the color of his skin. Very often people with a “suspicious appearance” start running, when they see the police. It is impossible to behave in such a way. A physical resistance is the worst mode of behavior and one should never touch a cop! This rule is very important, because the police officer can feel a danger for his life. In that case he can arrest and hurt a suspect. There is no law to show one’s ID, because there is no exact law about that. There is a key phrase: “Are you detaining me or am I free to go?” Anyway, to prove the police’s misconduct is a very difficult case. Reports on the misconduct of the police should be specific. One should protect one’s life and “flex one’s rights”. When policemen are knocking at the door and want to know something, this can violate your rights too. There is an option not to let policemen in. A search order is a must! “I cannot let you in without a warrant”- this is a key phrase and every citizen has a right to keep police officers behind the door. These 4 pieces about flexing our rights are very impressing and, supposedly, are very helpful for our lives too. The lawyer had an opportunity to warn people about unjust practices of the police officers. It is obvious that he had a diverse audience. People in the court were of different age, color and gender. Nevertheless, he used tactics of ethos and tried to answer to all questions in an assured manner and show his tolerance to many other people. He persuaded people into a necessity to show a tolerant and a loyal attitude to the policemen, but he showed examples of evident violation of one’s rights on the example of the stories told by the audience. His strategies were effective and comprehensible to the people. Anyway, he used the tactics of replica reiterations and showed to people how it is right to behave and communicate with the police. Works cited Ten Rules for Dealing with the Police. 07 Sept, 2012. Web.

Need an research paper on how does the immune system response to v.cholerae infection. Needs to be 3 pages. Please no plagiarism. How does the immune system response to Vibrio Cholerae infection The first response for all infectious diseases is the innate immune response. The response is nonspecific in nature and attacks any pathogen introduced in the body. Common symptom for this reaction inflammations accompanied by fever, redness and some pain. the response leads to secretion of natural defenses mediators which entail metabolites, prostaglandins, and arachidonic (Rollwagen, 2009). It is significant to note that the response is not specific in nature and does not target specific pathogens. In the first response, the IgM will be responsible for the detoxification of the pathogen by the antibodies. IgM is efficient after the initial attack by the pathogen. In this instance, the antibody will have created a self-defense mechanism, which will stimulate antibodies in the extracellular fluid and blood. The second immunity follows the innate response. This process includes secretion of IgA in the intestines. IgA is responsible for the body’s surfaces mainly the tract, gut and the urogenital tract. They are efficient in the response against pathogens as their directly neutralize the Vibrio Cholerae. IgG also plays a significant role as it is a high affinity antibody type. It encourages pathogenic cells and responsible for activating complementary systems if the Vibrio Cholerae persists in the victim’s body (Richardson, Kaper, and Levine, 1989). In this instance, the antibody connects through agglutination thus making them attractive to macrophages. this leads to ingestion of the bacteria. Antibodies also destroy the bacteria by inserting holes on its cell membrane (Rollwagen, 2009). After the second response against cholera, there is the production of antibodies, which suppress toxins produced by the bacteria. Mucosal immune response also plays a vital role in the Vibrio cholera detoxification because the bacteria are located in the intestines. Phagocytic and inflammatory responses of the host to the invading pathogen are in most cases immediate and nonspecific. After the first response is the second response, which more specific compared with the first. The second is specific because of the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and antibody mediated immunity (AMI), which are adaptive immune forces. The CMI and AMI work together with the IgA to enhance the defense mechanism (Todar, 2012). Vibrio Cholera is a bacterium that tends to colonize small intestines in the proximal section. It elaborates cholera toxins and enterotoxins, which are responsible for the voluminous diarrhea among cholera patients. Anti-toxin immunity also plays a significant role in fighting cholera infection. Despite the argument that antibacterial immunity is readily available in the market, the body plays a crucial role in fighting the pathogen (Todar, 2012). This is where the first response also known as the primary response and the second or the secondary response. References Rollwagen, M. F. (2009). Biology/Immune system response against Cholera. Available at: http://en.allexperts.com/q/Biology-664/2009/5/Immune-system-response-against.htm Richardson, K., Kaper, J. B., and Levine, M. M. (1989). Human immune response to Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cells and isolated outer membrane antigens. 57(2): 495–501. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC313123/ Todar, K. (2012).Bacterial Defense against Specific Immune Responses. Available at: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/antiimmuno.