Name: _________________ Section:___________

Please complete the following problems by filling in the missing boxes. Don’t forget units where needed.

2.

3.

4.

.

5. Complete the diagram to show how you would make a pond water dilution of 1:100,000

6.

7. Calculate the amount of CFU/ml in the original sample: (your answer should be in scientific notation and include units)

8.Calculate the amount of CFU/ml in the original sample: (your answer should be in scientific notation and include units)

9A. You have counted an average of 4 CFU from having counted 3 large squares using the Quebec colony counter. What is the amount of CFU on this plate?

9B. The dilution factor of the plate in question 9A was 1:56,000. What is the amount of CFU/ml in the original sample?

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Dilution and Local Exhaust Ventilation. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Ventilation is a widely used method employed for controlling hazards that are airborne. It is the process of moving contaminated air from a given work area and substituting it with clean air. The hazards that are removed include flammable vapors, toxic chemicals, dust, metal fumes among others (Nims, 1999). This paper seeks to analyse the local exhaust ventilation and the dilution ventilation and elaborate differences in their working principles.

Both of these systems work to remove contaminants from a working area. The contaminants are directed into an exhaust system where there are discharged into the atmosphere. These contaminants may pass through an air cleaner before emission into the environment. Both of the systems require to make up the air so as to replace that which is exhausted, failure to which would lead to a decline in the room pressures. Both systems employ fans, which create a pressure difference allowing the flow of air along with its constituents, such as contaminants, into the exhaust system (Nims, 1999).

Only small amounts of air are exhausted by the local exhaust ventilation compared to the dilution ventilation. This means that dilution ventilation will require greater amounts of cooled or heated make up air than the local exhaust ventilation (Nims, 1999).

The basic local exhaust of ventilation is comprised of the hood, ducts, cleaner, fan and exhaust stacks (Nims, 1999). The hood is placed near the source of emission of the contaminants. The ducts carry the contaminant in the local exhaust system. They should have minimal resistance to efficiency. Smooth and round ducts are ideal, and the flow rates in them should not be excessive as this will creates abrasion and noise.

Air cleaners eliminate the contaminants before exhausting the air. State or federal regulations dictate the type of air cleaner to be employed. Fans are regarded to as the workhorses in the exhaust ventilation system. They provide pressure differences to suction the contaminants throughout the system and into the outdoor environment. The exhaust or exhaust stacks discharge the contaminated air into the outdoor environment. They should not be located near the fresh air intakes, and they must have adequate flow rates to prevent re-entry (Nims, 1999).

The dilution ventilation employs large exhaust fans which on the roof of the building or walls. The fans create pressure differences for suctioning the contaminated air from the room. A fan may be required for enabling makeup air into the room to replace the exhausted air. The patterns of air movement and the placement of the inlet relative to worker location are critical in ensuring that the contaminated air is removed from the worker breathing zone. A plenum may be encompassed in the clean air inlet area for the system to be more effective (Nims, 1999).

In conclusion, ventilation is of paramount importance when it comes to the working area. The dilution ventilation system works on the principle of drawing contaminated air generally from the room. The local exhaust system removes contaminated air from a local source by utilizing a hood. It is more sophisticated and expensive to install but is best suited for toxic and highly flammable contaminants. Fans are employed in both systems so as to create pressure differences and allow for the suction of contaminated air away from the working area. This contaminated air is then discharged through an exhaust system.

Write a 5 pages paper on decision-making in chiquita bananas. The conflict mainly occurs when dubious decisions are made within an organization and these decisions result in a major dispute that even demands a legal resolution. The ethical requirements within a particular industry should therefore be properly defined to give business owners an opportunity to properly follow them and avoid any legal process that may result( Fraedrich et al. 2012).

An ethical decision-making process is therefore a well-established procedure within a particular organization that aids in the determination of the best path of action among various alternatives in a way that upholds the ethical requirements of the industry.

Chiquita is an agribusiness organization involved in banana trade in Colombia though it is based within the United States. During its operations over the years, multiple ethical dilemmas have resulted in the organization having trouble with the law. These issues include the use of child laborers in banana production activities and the possible payment of multiples sums of money to criminal organizations for protection. The issue of engaging criminal organizations was a serious violation of the industry’s ethical codes and laws. This resulted in the organization facing serious fines from the government. A proper approach to decision making would thus be very important (Fraedrich et al. 2012).

The first and the most important step to take when one intends to make a decision is to identify the problem. Once the management is able to determine what has caused a problem it eases the decision-making process. This involves gathering many facts about the situation. Gathering facts should be done in a very specific and objective manner. Taking done notes on important points is very necessary (Fraedrich et al. 2012).

A manager should also determine if the problem is affecting all the stakeholders to the business. Once the problem has been identified and properly defined.

Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Culture and Leadership: A Comparison of Coca-Cola and Pepsi. It needs to be at least 1500 words. Leadership behavior is influenced and affected by the culture in which each leader and worker operates. Culture influences leadership philosophy and practices mainly through motivation. The idea that leadership works though people, however tautological, is vital for leaders in a culture that differs from their own. Culture affects people – their needs, wants, aspirations, all of which the leader must tap.

Leadership values and practices of many organizations reflect the culture of the society in which these organizations exist. In fact, values and practices often derive much from the cultures of the society from which it evolved. Identifiable cultural differences may make it inappropriate to take management and leadership theories and practices from the culture in which they were developed and apply them to another culture. This is exemplified with the concepts of culture and leadership in Coca Cola Company and Pepsi Company.

In this regard, this paper is written with the objective of presenting a comparison of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in terms of culture and leadership theories and applications. The essay would initially provide a brief historical background of the two beverage companies. Further, the culture in both organizations would be evaluated and assessed to determine which is more effective given underlying factors. Finally, the topic of strategic leadership would be proffered in conjunction with those employed by Coca-Cola and Pepsi. It would thereby be analyzed in the context of factors that make an organization more effective than the other.

Coca Cola is the world’s top brand of soft drinks manufactured by Coca Cola Company. It was founded by Dr. John Styth Pemberton, in Atlanta, Georgia in 1886 originally as a headache remedy. It was officially incorporated in 1892. Its humble beginning experienced a promotional dilemma which led Pemberton to sell the business to Asa G. Candler in 1891. Under Candler’s leadership, Coca-Cola grew and expanded through product development, advertising, promotions, and product packaging. Currently, “Coca-Cola makes four of the top five soft drinks in the world, Coca-Cola at number one and Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite at numbers three through five.” (International Directory of Company Histories, 2005, par. 1).