You will prepare and submit a term paper on A Concept of Positive and Negative Social Identity. Your paper should be a minimum of 2250 words in length. As a comprehensive insight that thoroughly explicates upon the complexity of the human psyche, the implications of the social identity theory are valuable in exploring how intergroup affiliations that are rooted in various reasons can aid the development and communication of human beings as they react to being a part of a particular group. Thus, the social identity theory, in its very core can be viewed as a bridge between the individual and the wider society that certainly sheds light upon the complexities of human associations and relationships, whether these relationships are deemed as positive or negative. According to Ellemers, Spears and Doosje (2002), the construct of social identity is closely related to the self because the notions of social roles and social interactions are present within the realm of an individual’s perception and how he/she wishes to process a specific scenario or situation. Additionally, when the idea that the self is a pivotal force in the creation of one’s social identity is highlighted through the means of concurrent interindividual processes it is also important to establish the fact that the creation of the self is reliant upon group processes as well, such that the influence of one phenomenon cannot be isolated from the other in a given scenario. With regard to this observation, Ellemers, Spears and Doosje (2002) postulate that it is only fair to state that group processes and group affiliations indeed hold the capability to impact how an individual’s self is developed, shaped and nurtured throughout a given period of time.

The background of research that has been conducted on social identity theory and other associated models has led to the derivation of a concept of positive and negative social identity that can be necessarily defined as an outcome of ingroup relationships.&nbsp.

Write a 16 pages paper on inclusive education in mainstream politics. The definite advancement of the movement on inclusive education is evidenced through declarations, gatherings, statements and various actions taken by governments across the world in the last century. The issue of inclusive education is characterized by deep-rooted conflicts, dilemmas, and contradictions. “Inclusive education should be seen as an attempted resolution of a dilemma that is fundamental to mass education systems: the dilemma of commonality and difference. Put simply, such systems have to offer something recognizably common – an ‘education’ – to learners who are recognizably similar, while at the same time acknowledging that those same learners differ from each other in important ways and therefore have to be offered different ‘educations’ (Dyson & Millward, 2000). It is now universally accepted by think groups and policymakers that children with a disability or learning difficulty will ultimately be a part of the mainstream, hence their participation in the mainstream is earlier the better and an early start in mainstream schools is the best preparation for an integrated life. Some of the major milestones in opinion building on bringing inclusive education in the mainstream of policymaking activities include The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR, 1948 ), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ( ICEARD, 1965), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( ICCPR, 1966), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESC, 1966), Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC, 1989) and Salamanca Declaration, 1994. The Salamanca Declaration under the overall framework of UNESCO has been particularly noteworthy and it is worthwhile looking at some the key declarations which are given below: Every child has a fundamental right to education and must be given the opportunity to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of learning. Every child has unique characteristics, interests, abilities and learning needs, education systems should be designed and educational programs implemented to take into account the wide diversity of these characteristics and needs,&nbsp. Those with special education needs must have access to regular schools, which should accommodate them within a child-centered pedagogy capable of meeting these needs, Regular schools with this inclusive orientation are the most effective means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an inclusive society, and achieving education for all. moreover, they provide an effective education to the majority of children and improve the efficiency and ultimately the cost-effectiveness of the entire education system” The successive British establishments were seized with issues associated with the shift in economy from traditional to knowledge work, especially the Labour party when it regained power towards the end of the previous century. Peter Drucker said in 1980 that the center of gravity has sharply shifted from manual work to knowledge work in the world of work. The British leadership could see the need for a different focus in educational policy and its deployment.

Create a 4 pages page paper that discusses the doctrine of precedent can be considered both a blessing and a curse. At the beginning of the thirteenth century, the concept of common law began to emerge. An internal system of courts was set up, with each community sharing the same laws. Judges traveled to the communities and followed the same rules, therefore making the laws enforced throughout common to all.

To provide consistency between the communities, if a judge was making a decision about a case, and there was a case of the same nature that had been decided by a judge before it, they would be resolved in the same way, with the same ruling.

That meant that the first judge to make a ruling on a particular case had made a law that judges in following cases (which were of the same nature) were obliged to follow. This still applies within the Australian legal system today. Courts are bound (within prescribed limits) by prior decisions of superior courts within the same State or Federal hierarchy. This is collectively known as the ‘Doctrine of Precedent’.

Judicial law is a large part of the Doctrine of Precedent. It is named judicial law because it is a law made by judges, which is to be followed by judges in subsequent cases. Whether or not a case is binding, is determined by two things. whether the preceding decision comes from a judge that is in an equal or higher rank than the judge deciding the case (this given the Latin term stare decisis, which means ‘stand by decided’), and whether the relevant legal principles of the preceding case are the same or similar to the case in question.

When dealing with precedent, judges and lawyers have to be able to break previous judicial decisions into two parts. the relevant legal principles that are binding, and the rest that is not binding. The part that is binding is given the Latin term ratio decidendi, which means ‘reason for deciding’ and the part of a judges decision that is not binding is given the Latin term the obiter dicta, which means ‘incidental things said’ and only has an incidental bearing on the case.

The Doctrine of Precedent gives judges the power both to reuse past decisions and rephrase past decisions. As a consequence of these powers, new laws can be made.

An example of a judicial precedent is the case Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). (Tufal, 1996) In which a decomposing snail was found in the bottom of a ginger beer bottle. The House of Lords found that a manufacturer owes a duty of care to the consumer to provide products that are safe. This case set a huge precedent for common law that is still relevant today, and the context of the word ‘product’ has been used not only in food products but also in cases including motorcycles and underwear.

There have always been, and still, are many critics who do not believe that judges should have the power to make laws. There are many convincing arguments both for and against the use of the Doctrine of Precedent in Australia.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on A Concept of Positive and Negative Social Identity. Your paper should be a minimum of 2250 words in length. As a comprehensive insight that thoroughly explicates upon the complexity of the human psyche, the implications of the social identity theory are valuable in exploring how intergroup affiliations that are rooted in various reasons can aid the development and communication of human beings as they react to being a part of a particular group. Thus, the social identity theory, in its very core can be viewed as a bridge between the individual and the wider society that certainly sheds light upon the complexities of human associations and relationships, whether these relationships are deemed as positive or negative. According to Ellemers, Spears and Doosje (2002), the construct of social identity is closely related to the self because the notions of social roles and social interactions are present within the realm of an individual’s perception and how he/she wishes to process a specific scenario or situation. Additionally, when the idea that the self is a pivotal force in the creation of one’s social identity is highlighted through the means of concurrent interindividual processes it is also important to establish the fact that the creation of the self is reliant upon group processes as well, such that the influence of one phenomenon cannot be isolated from the other in a given scenario. With regard to this observation, Ellemers, Spears and Doosje (2002) postulate that it is only fair to state that group processes and group affiliations indeed hold the capability to impact how an individual’s self is developed, shaped and nurtured throughout a given period of time.

The background of research that has been conducted on social identity theory and other associated models has led to the derivation of a concept of positive and negative social identity that can be necessarily defined as an outcome of ingroup relationships.&nbsp.

Need an research paper on benefits of family nights and strong bonding. Needs to be 7 pages. Please no plagiarism. For instance, at dinnertime, families encourage discussions between children and parents. Moreover, some families opt for a game night or where parents ask their children to participate in fun tasks. Over the past fifteen years, studies have confirmed that family nights have significant impacts on the physiological, mental, and spiritual nourishment of all members of the family. In addition, family members are connected to good behaviors of children such as self-confidence, reduced rate of substance abuse, depression, and teen pregnancy.&nbsp.

One of the major benefits of the family night is the time one spends on bonding. Family bonding time is the quality time members spend together. Many people call it a wise investment because when one spends time with his or her family, he or she learns something new about the other person that helps build a strong bond. No matter the mode of frequency that one chooses such as games or a night out, quality time is spent with the family. Children appreciate every moment of it. Family night is vital because it acts as a catalyst for parenting. In most cases, children always look forward to the time they can spend with their parents. A regular schedule of events helps in building strong relationships. This not only helps in bonding but also in learning children’s challenges and talents (Catch Box, 2015).

Family nights keep children out of danger. According to the statistics given in the graph below, a trusting family relationship results in children’s improved learning and less substance abuse. Teens with little time for bonding with their parents. for instance, two or fewer family dinners per week, are likely to involve in drug abuse such as tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol&nbsp.than those with frequent family dinners. Those who have regular family nights are less likely to try these substances in the future or engage in the bad company of friends.&nbsp.&nbsp.