Create a 6 pages page paper that discusses a social problem in the field of clinical psychology. Upon examining individual neurological, behavioral, and psychiatric hazard factors, he recapitulated that perpetrators of intimate partner violence were affected by either one or more of these features – neuroanatomical factors, personality disorders, chaotic or insecure attachment, neurobiological factors, developmental psychopathology, post-traumatic symptoms or cognitive distortions. Thus, he established a very core relationship between psychological variables and intimate partner violence.

Intimate partner violence constitutes not just physical and sexual violence but also entails in its ambit emotional and to some extent financial abuse, all of which leave a very severe impact on its victim. The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) approximated that in 2008, intimate partner violence comprised 22% of all violence against females and 5% of all violence against males in the country (Truman, 2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (Black, et al., 2011) estimates that nearly half of them (48.4%) females and (48.8%) males in the United States have experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime. Another study by BJS (Catalano, Smith, Snyder, & Rand, 2009) states that intimate partners killed an estimate of 1,640 females and 700 males in 2007, about 14% of all the homicides in the country.

Given the serious consequences of intimate partner violence and its very close relationship with clinical psychology, the author deems it fit to select the said topic for this paper.

While thinkers of different thought processes like socio-cultural, feminist, and social learning, have come up with a variety of explanations for intimate partner violence, only psychological and psychosocial theories have been able to provide enlightenment into this area with the least amount of speculation and assumptions.&nbsp.

I will pay for the following article Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Modalities for PTSD in Police Officers. The work is to be 7 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. CBT modules that may be utilized in the cure of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) either independently as “varieties” of CBT or utilized in combination comprise cognitive restructuring, exposure, a variety of coping abilities, or apprehension management, as well as psycho-education.

Whereas the diagnostic PTSD category has subsisted only ever since 1980 after it was principally included within the DSM III, numerous clinical trials have pursued to identify means of bettering its disturbing symptoms. These means have varied from pharmacological methods that directly remedy PTSD and associated symptoms to CBT (cognitive-behavioral treatments), which are grounded on standards of learning and conditioning. For instance, exposure therapy, a cognitive-behavioral treatment approach, is presently deemed as the leading-line therapy for PTSD granted its well- renowned clinical effectiveness. Police officers who experience traumatic or distressing incidents are more probable to quit the work within some years and seem to strain with suicide, spousal abuse, substance abuse, and split-up at rates, which are noticeably higher than witnesses in the overall population are. Therefore, it is not shocking that a proficient and popularized works now subsists with the purpose of tackling the privations of police officers dealing with traumatic events (Cahill et al., 598).

Exposure is a cure that encompasses confrontation with terrifying incentives and is sustained until apprehension is reduced. Varieties of exposure comprise either imaginal exposure that encompasses exposure to the distressing events via mental imaginings, memory fabricated by the client’s own description, or scene staged by the therapist centered on the provided information, also in vivo, in which a clientele confronts the real scene or related happenings in life.

I will pay for the following article A New Health System for the 21st Century. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. 2. Why did some speak of the death of managed care

Both organizations and individuals in the U.S. managed care system is faced with a challenging situation. First of all, the requirement for high-quality care, doubled by the social responsibility to patients, is counterbalanced by an increasing pressure to lower costs and to remain afloat financially. For this reason, numerous health care providers are doomed to fail from a business perspective, being forced to close. More and more practitioners will perform as part of groups or systems, but the process of integration will not impose itself in the short term. Based on these considerations, it can be asserted that no standard model will emerge as dominant.

The Institute of Medicine released a few years ago a report that red-flagged the poor quality of health care in the US (Institute of Medicine 2001). A number of facts that contributed to this situation were identified, and special emphasis was put on the structure of the present health care payment system. Traditionally, doctors and medical institutions are paid regardless of the quality of the health care they provide, leading to no financial incentives or, in the case of certain clinical situations, even to disincentives for quality. These findings lead to an increasing demand to link payment to performance.

The concept of pay-for-performance in health care is an innovation of the new millennium and it has spread quicker than a virus. The major issue taken into consideration is the previously unexplored potential of the health care payment system to bring change into physician and health care system behavior. Scientific literature and popular press alike have become crowded with materials linking payments to performance in the medical world. The desired purpose of the payment system is to encourage a high level of quality in health care. However, any initiative has to be measured on account of its results, and the effectiveness of the above-mentioned programs has not yet been systematically evaluated. A theoretical approach based on logic would indicate that financial incentives are capable to stimulate high-quality health care. However, passing on to a more practical level, numerous questions arise. Any pay-for-performance program involves a number of policy choices and judgments.

3. What is the current state of managed care in the U.S. health care system

The most important external force forecasted to affect the U.S. health care system is of demographic nature. There are a number of aspects that should be taken into consideration when analyzing the future of the industry. First of all, the U.S. population is currently undergoing a process of fast aging. However, paradoxically, the life expectancy of the senior population is gradually extending. On the other hand, the aging population will put great financial pressure on the medical system. Predictions are pessimistic, as no less than 78 million baby boomers are expected to turn 65 by 2011 (Plunkett Research 2005). Hence the demographic factor has negative implications on the U.S. managed care system.

Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on data available on the trends in the prescription of drugs for children having behavioral disorders. The national and international standards on drug administration and prescription are referred to as benchmarks by researchers arguing for both points. However, it has been reported that there is a large gap in the information available on the safety and efficiency of drugs used in childhood. Several reasons are being attributed to this gap. It has been argued that the nonparticipation of children in clinical trials owing to ethical, financial, and resource-related reasons. Thus there have to be specific measures to ensure information for the optimal prescription of medicines for children with behavioral disorders.

There is enough data available to prove that there has been a marked increase in the prescription and administration of drugs to children. Specific researches focusing on children with behavioral disorders also highlight similar trends. (Zito et al., 2003) has concluded that the rate of psychotropic prescription in children has increased three times as compared with the rates of pre-nineties. A notable fact regarding this study is that it covered a very large sample size including almost a million children. The official records on drug prescription state that in the year 2002, alone 11 million prescriptions for antidepressants were issued for children less than 18 years of age. This notes an increase of 49% as compared with the rates of 1998 (Rigoni, 2004). Similarly, with the case of spending on psychological medicines, there has been a remarkable increase proportional to the increase in the increase in prescriptions. Connecting these two data, it can be assumed that most of the medicines which are prescribed are being administrated in children.

The spending on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is reported to have increased by 183% in between the time span of three years from 2000 to 2003. (Medco Health Solutions, Inc., 2004).&nbsp.&nbsp.

Need help with my writing homework on Smoking during Pregnancy. Write a 750 word paper answering; The introduction is not very clear. There is quite a lot of information there but this reader found that it had to be re-read several times to assure that it was understood. It does create interest in the study and there is a good reason for the target audience to read it. It just needs to be better organized and more succinct. The problem was stated twice and in a clear manner and it very clearly important to nursing. This about turning patients and preventing pressure ulcers. It is definitely a caring, patient advocate type of problem. A qualitative approach could have been used here but the quantitative approach makes more sense and the result would lead to a process change.

The study question, “does repositioning alternately 2 hours in a lateral position and 4 hours in a supine position reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer lesions in comparison with repositioning every 4 hours in patients lying on a pressure-reducing mattress” In looking at this in PICO statements, it meets the needs of a research question and the literature review is consistent.

The synthesis of the literature review was quite well done, organized, and easy to understand. This reader has some questions as to whether it is up to date as many of the articles were written between 1992 and 1996 and this particular research was conducted in 2006. There have been many changes in nursing and nursing process since the 90’s so this reader is concerned that there may have been better research out there. There is definitely reason after this research to continue to study this problem in an effort to solve it.

Conceptual Framework

The key concepts are well defined and well organized as is the framework of the study. There is also a good description of how the randomization was done and the methods used to frame and carry out the work

Conclusion:

This a well-conducted and well-written study though in places such as the introduction, it is wordy and unclear. The information is there but is cumbersome to read.

This abstract is more succinct though it is more in narrative form than the quantitative study. It does clearly summarize what is in the study.

Introduction

The introduction is short and really does not say much. It does talk about some of the recommendations that have been made by other researchers and how those recommendations tie into this study but overall it does not tell me what to expect of the study.&nbsp.