Write 2 pages with APA style on Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College. Advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College. Electoral College is a type of procedure that includes the voters’choice. Electoral College is the convention of voters whereby there is a presidential and the election of the vice president. The procedure includes the tallying of the electoral votes by Congress. The Electoral College was instituted within the Constitution whereby the president is voted within the Congress and general vote of qualified residents (Thompson and Dennis 2004). Since its formation of the Electoral College it has had both disadvantages and advantages, they include:

Advantages.

The supporters of the Electoral College argue that the current system prevents a contender from prevailing based only on regions that are highly inhabited. The Contender is required to take a broad advance. It is within the Electoral College that the presidential applicants are liable to choose a running mate from another region. The procedure is essential as the government avoids regional problems (Hudson and Roger 40).

Another benefit of the Electoral College is that it allows the minority groups to make a difference in the voting process. The supporters argue that Minorities in a region have the possibility of creating a divergence amid prevailing of a regions electoral vote or losing (Kimberling and William 1992).

The supporters of the Electoral College also argue that it helps in maintaining the federal character in a country. The supporters argue that the Electoral College system grants every region the freewill to design its laws regarding voting. Electoral College also allows each region to make amendments (Hudson and Roger 40).

The supporters of the Electoral College also argue that the depressing result of the Electoral College on third parties as an excellent scheme. The Electoral College upholds the current two party systems in presenting the region with firm constancy (Kimberling and William 1992).

The supporters of the Electoral College also argue the Electoral College maintains division of powers. The constitution has been designed to segregate the government to three diverse branches that are intended to present stability plus consideration. Some supporters argue that if the President is voted directly he can state a countrywide popular mandate that will challenge other government branches (Hudson and Roger 40).

Disadvantages.

One of the disadvantages is that in many states, the contender with many votes gets every electoral vote of that region. The minority regions have an account of constantly voting for a Democrat or a Republican. Contenders are capable of not paying attention to the minority regions and may pay attention to the bigger regions (Hudson and Roger 41).

Another disadvantage of the Electoral College is that it discourages Voter turnout. With the contender reps such as republican or democrat who have highest common vote in each state getting the whole regions votes other voters may feel that their votes are not effective. The Electoral College system does not encourage contenders to agitate for the attendance of electors they only do this in the state that are highly populated (Kimberling and William 1992).

Another disadvantage of the Electoral College is that it favors the minority regions that are less populated. The Electoral College system grants minority regions power, and it is unjust for the bigger regions. The Electoral College system boosts the minority systems power. Usually, the Republican Party has been advantaged (Hudson and Roger 41).

Conclusion

Although the Electoral College has been there for a very long time, it has both the advantages and the disadvantages. However, the advantages seem to be firm that the disadvantage. The Electorate College seems to solve a lot of election problems, therefore, making a nation just during its election, even though it has some few disadvantages.

Work Cited

Hudson, David L, and Roger Matuz. The Handy Presidents Answer Book. Canton, MI: VisibleInk Press, 2012. Print

Kimberling, William C. The Electoral College. Washington, D.C: National Clearinghouse on

Election Administration, Federal Election Commission, 1992. Print.

Thompson, Dennis F. Just Elections: Creating a Fair Electoral Process in the United States.

Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 2004. Print.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on Practical Investigation: Medical Microbiology of the Respiratory Tract. Your paper should be a minimum of 1000 words in length. Although it is not known whether the exposure to the bacteria was recent or not, the patient had started exhibiting the general symptoms of tuberculosis. The patient also came from one of the African nations where TB is endemic. These were indicative of tuberculosis as the cause of illness. Mantoux tuberculin skin test or Heaf test may be used to confirm the diagnosis and immediate hospitalisation and medication is required.

Answer: TB is a highly contagious disease and its onset in individuals in a locality has to be recorded and notified to all local and state health departments to formulate a control and prevention plan. Every health department has to ensure a complete and timely investigation for suspected TB cases reported in its area.

Answer: The baby is immunosuppressed&nbsp.and has likely been infected by the fungi, Pneumocystis jirovecii, which causes pneumonia due to lung infection. It is known to be an opportunistic pathogen and has, therefore, affected the baby’s lungs causing fever, cough and respiratory distress.

Answer: The pathogen for PCP, Pneumocystis, is found in the lungs of healthy individuals but it causes infection only in people who have weak immune systems. Children are especially susceptible to diseases as they do not have fully developed immune systems, and in this case, the patient is also HIV+ve.

Answer: Sample 3a containing MDCK monolayer after incubation with patients NPA sample clearly indicates cytopathogenic effect on the cells when compared to the uninoculated MDCK cell sheet in sample 3b. This is an indication of viral infection.

Answer: The symptoms observed in the patient which include fever, chills, headache, runny nose and sore throat suggest that she may have contracted the flu. The doctor examining her at the clinic also suspected the same and the NPA test also confirms that she has been infected by the influenza virus.

I will pay for the following article Microbe on Escherichia coli. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Part I: Organism Information Organism Escherichia coli Organism Type: Bacteria Organism Structure: E. coli is a gram-negative bacterium with rod shaped cells 2.0 (μm) long with a diameter of 0.5 (μm). The bacterium grows best at 37°C but some strains have successfully multiplied in controlled laboratory settings at even 49°C. It is a facultative anaerobe reproducing using mixed-acid fermentation requiring low hydrogen levels to ferment simple sugars into formic acids. E. coli is also found with other hydrogen consuming organisms like sulphate-reducing bacteria (Hayhurst, 2004).

Organism Characteristics: The bacterium is usually found in the lower intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and humans. Most of the strains found in the gut are actually beneficial to the host by inhibiting the growth of other harmful bacteria and synthesizing vitamins, like K2. However, some serotypes can cause severe food poisoning in humans. One common strain, O157:H7, releases strong toxins, specifically enterotoxins, that damage and infect the host’s intestinal lining (Rasko, 2011). At times, a small colony of only 10-100 cells in enough to cause infections in children. The incubation period of these types of infection causing strains can range anywhere from a few hours to a week. The bacteria penetrate and thrive in the intestinal lining, eating away at the mucosa (Hayhurst, 2004).

Part II: Disease Information

Diseases caused: Food poisoning

Mode of Transmission: Usually through fecal-oral transmission and coming in contact with contaminated foods and drinks

Portal of Entry into body: Main route through oral ingestion

Area of body organism attacks: Mucous lining of the intestines

Symptoms of Disease: Symptoms usually manifest themselves in adults after 3-4 days of being infected consisting mostly of mild diarrhea, abdominal cramping and nausea. In severe cases the diarrhea can become bloody and the infection can cause kidney problems leading to pale skin, fever, chills, and bruising. Most healthy adults get better within a weak while for infants and young children it can take longer. In rare and extreme cases the virulent strain can also cause pneumonia, hemolytic uremic syndrome (kidney failure), and dehydration through diarrhea, eventually leading to death in young children and older adults (Hayhurst, 2004).

Part III: Treatment and Prevention

Diagnosis: Usually the doctor carries out a physical examination and a medical history involving a series of questions about many of the symptoms. The questions will also try to determine travelling history, recently eaten foods, contact with contaminated foods and unpasteurized dairy products, and antibiotic use. The physical examination consists of checking the patient’s temperature, blood pressure, skin color, stomach tenderness and a rectal exam. If E. coli infection is suspected, the doctor will request a stool culture examination to determine the presence of the infectious strain and its toxins (Rasko, 2011).

Treatment: There aren’t any medications and vaccines yet to protect against E. coli infections. One of the best methods to relieve symptoms is to get plenty of rest and fluids in order to decrease dehydration due to diarrhea. If bloody diarrhea occurs, diarrhea medicine and antibiotics should be avoided as these slow the digestive system, allowing even more of the poison produced by the bacteria to be absorbed. In extreme cases where kidney failure or blood problems occur, blood transfusion and dialysis will be needed (Hayhurst, 2004).

Prevention: The primary way to prevent infections is to limit the exposure to contaminated foods and water, unpasteurized dairy products, and avoiding cross-contamination. Meats should be cooked thoroughly at high temperatures and raw fruits and vegetables should be washed before use. Hands should be washed before and after preparing food, using the washroom and coming into contact with animals. When travelling, it is best to avoid ice and tap water (Hayhurst, 2004).

Part IV: Historical information

1885: Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician, discovered E. coli and named it Bacterium coli commune because it was found in the colon of healthy adults (Hayhurst, 2004).

1917: Nissle, a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli, started being used in medicine to treat many gastroenterological diseases like, inflammatory bowel disease (Hayhurst, 2004).

1997: The DNA sequence of E. coli was first completed and published. The circular DNA was found to have 4.6 billion base pairs and a very high coding density (Hayhurst, 2004).

2011: An outbreak of the strain O104:H4 began in Germany leading many people to be infected with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Gradually 11 other countries were affected including some parts of North America. Later that year, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment in Germany announced that fenugreek seeds from Egypt were the likely cause of the outbreak (Rasko, 2011).

Part V: Works Cited

Hayhurst, Chris. (2004). Epidemics, Deadly Diseases Throughout History: E. coli. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

Rasko, D. A., et al. (2011). Origins of the E. coli Strain Causing an Outbreak of Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome in Germany. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 709-717. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.

Compose a 250 words assignment on real estate law week 9 individual work. Needs to be plagiarism free! Lease refers to conveyance of a person’s property for life or for a period of time, in returnfor some forms of consideration or recompense. These can either be in terms of rents, or some kinds of periodic compensations. A lessor is the person who conveys the property, while a lessee is the person to whom the property is conveyed to. A lease is always a contract, and must be made in writing. This contract is always under seal and involves two parties, namely the lessor, and the lessee (Stewart and Portman, 1998). The 2005 landmark case in Iowa involving Merchant Wholesalers against Nathan Lane associates created a precedent in which the Supreme Court ruled that it is the duty of a lessee to pay rent, or periodic compensations to the lessor. However if a landlord evicts a tenant from his property, that is the end of a lease, and the tenant is not obligated to pay any damages, or rent.

(2)

The following are the needed elements of a lease, description of the property, duration of the lease, terms of the renewal, rent and security payments, use and occupancy agreements, the lessor’s right of entry and inspection. A lease agreement must give a vivid description of the property, and its area of location. This is for purposes of identification. It must also contain the time frame of the lease, from its beginning date, to the exact date that the lease period ends. It must also specify whether the tenant has an opportunity to renew the lease or not and also identify the use of the property under lease by the lessee (Brook, 2009). The agreement must also contain the rights of the landlord to enter the property, and inspect it.

(3)

Plain English requirement are applicable to leases because leasing is an investment decision to the tenant and the landlord. The process of leasing can be complex, and chances are that problems can occur which may result to a lessor losing his property, or revenue from the lease. On this note, plain English highlights issues that face landlords and tenants in a leasing situation, and what they ought to put in consideration while drafting a leasing agreement. A landlord needs to know what his rights are, and if the lease document meets his or her needs.

On this note therefore, the use of plain English will enable a lessor to know in a clear manner what these rights are (Brook, 2009). For a tenant, he needs to understand what the impacts of the lease are to his rights and obligations. For instance the location of a business premise is important for its survival. therefore it is important for the tenant to avoid a leasehold dispute.

(4)

Lease with an option to buy is an agreement between a tenant and a landlord on the option to purchase the property, once the lease period is over. This agreement deprives the landlord of his right to sell the property, so long as the option to buy agreement is in the contract. The reason as to a buyer will enter into an option to buy lease is because the buyer may not have enough money to make some down payments, and therefore this agreement is beneficial to him. Another reason is that the buyer might have some problems with his credit, and he would solve this problem during the period given to him by the contract (Brook, 2009). For a seller, the option to buy clause in the lease might enable him or her to sell a property that he or she could not sell.

(5)

The additional document required to protect the sellers interest is a disclosure form. The disclosure form has a list of all problems within a house, and therefore notifying them to the potential buyer. It is essential for a seller to draft this form, keeping a copy to him and giving the other copy to a potential buyer (Stewart and Portman, 1998). This will make the buyer to make an informed decision on whether to buy the house or not, therefore protecting the integrity of the sale and the contract.

References:

Brook, J. (2009). Sales and leases: examples & explanations (5th ed.). Austin: Wolters Kluwer

Law & Business ..

Stewart, M., & Portman, J. (1998). Leases & rental agreements (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo Press.