. If a company that has already undergone an IPO needs to raise substantial capital again and it chooses to issue new equity in order to finance it, this is called a seasoned equity offering (Butler, Grullon & Wetson 2005). Seasoned equity offerings come in different variations as regards the terms of the offer such as offering the stocks at investors-at-large or through a rights offerings. Under the rights offering, the company can issue the rights to purchasing the new shares to recipient investors on a proportionate basis (Weller 1962). These rights can either be sold or utilized depending on the recipient’s investors (Weller 1962).

In 2008, Tesco Plc has a seasoned equity offering that amounted to 130 million pounds. this is consist of 3 million pounds in issue capital, and 127 million pounds in share premium (Tesco Plc 2009). According to Tesco Plc, part of this seasoned equity offering is to issue shares as stock options are exercised. The rest of it is used for additional financing to the company. On the other hand, Marks & Spencer has issued 0.5 million pounds in equity (Marks & Spencer 2009). In contrast to Tesco Plc, this issue of shares by Marks & Spencer is due to the exercise of options. However, seasoned equity offerings are used by the two companies in raising funds to finance their operations. One major advantage of this source of long-term funding is the huge amount of capital that large companies such as Tesco and Marks & Spencer have access to in the form of the stock market. As regards the size of the capital raised, seasoned offerings in the stock market really provide huge advantages to these companies.

Seasoned equity offerings also have some shortcomings. For one, after SEO, it is very usual that the stock price of the company gets lower because of the increase in price. There is a period of time before the price of the stocks will incorporate the information about the company, and this information will be reflected in the stock price (Lang 2008).

Communication involves the basic components, which are the information, sender, receiver, as well as the media through which it takes place. Its effectiveness is realized only when the recipient understands the intended meaning and reciprocates through feedback. Three steps are involved in the process, which is the conception of the idea, the feeling or information, by the person intending to communicate, relaying of the information is passed through words or symbols (verbal and or nonverbal). Finally, the recipient decodes or translates the symbols or words into understandable pieces, which can be responded to and therefore responds through what is the feedback to complete the cycle.

Humans have varying ways through which they communicate and the differences may be dependent on personal background in culture, education, age as well as on gender among other factors. Femininity or masculinity are attributes that effectively explains the speech characteristics that individuals exhibit in communication. In fact, studies indicate that men and women adopt particular strategies of communication as influenced by their sexual orientation and the cultural and social dictates on gender orientations (Anon, 2). The styles and strategies that men, as well as women, adopt for communication are described by ‘debate versus relate’, competitive versus co-operative’ and ‘report versus rapport’. It is, however, worth noting that conversation is an art of every day hence is not restricted to either social or working environment but rather to all such environs. This paper, therefore, intends to study how the differences between men and women’s communication strategies relate to social or biological norms. The comparison is also aimed at establishing what values of the society that the different approaches reveal.

The conception of the differences exhibited by males and females is often viewed from the point of who talks more, who interrupts in a conversation, gender patterns in meetings and conversation set-ups, differences in assertiveness and such other common differential attributes. For instance, men initiate more conversations while compared to women in social settings while women exhibit more tolerance to interruptions by men in conversations as against men. Hobbs (243) shows that in sociolinguistic research, women adopt more polite word strategies while communicating as against men.

With a populace of 1.3 billion, China lately became the second leading economy and is gradually playing a significant and influential role in the international economy. It remains a developing state. For instance, its per capita earning is still a portion of that in superior states and its market reforms are imperfect.&nbsp.&nbsp.

Rapid monetary ascendance has caused many impacts as well, comprising high variation, brisk urbanization, impacts to the environmental sustainability, and external imbalance. It also encounters demographic pressures associated with an aging population and the domestic movement of labor. Important policy adjustments are necessary in order for its growth to be sustainable.&nbsp. Experience depicts that transformation from middle-income to high-income class can be more hard than moving up from low to middle income (Lardy, 25).

China’s 12th Five-Year Plan that from 2011 to 2015 vehemently addresses such issues. It highlights the growth of services and procedures to deal with social and environmental imbalances, setting goals to cut down pollution, to raise energy effectiveness, to advance access to healthcare and education, and to inflate social safety. Its annual growth goal of 7 percent calls for the intention to focus on value of life, rather than rate of growth.&nbsp.

Chinas economy was afflicted from the devastating effects of decades of fighting. A number of mines and factories were damaged. At the end of the war with Japan in 1945, Soviet troops had demolished almost half the machinery in the major developed regions of the Northeast and transported it to the Soviet Union. Power system, transportation, and communication had been smashed or deteriorated as they lacked maintenance. Agriculture was interfered with, and food production was about 30 percent drop.

Homosexuality in Britain Athletic Love: English Literature (1896 – 1969) A Summary and Critique The article divulged relevant information on the evolution of homosexual content in English literary works before the decriminalization of 1967. Several English authors were suspended, censored, or simply banned from expressing homosexual content in their writings prior to the mid-20th century. In fact, the famous trial and sentencing of Oscar Wilde became the precursor for seeing homosexuals as threats to society. Several authors were precluded from expressing homosexuality in their writings, to wit: Edward Carpenter, Symonds and Ellis, among others.

According to the article, the orientation for preference to same sex relations remain covert as it was categorized as criminal in nature to expose homosexual acts, in private or in public, even by consenting adults prior to 1969. There was no organization in England promoting for any homosexual reform that it waited for American ideals of homosexual liberation to emerge. Despite the British laws prevailing to be predominantly homophobic, homosexual content in English literature still remained sporadic, depending on the creativity and restraint of the writer.

British literature had patiently waited for fourteen years since the Wolfenden Report of 1953 recommending that homosexual behavior between consenting adults in private no longer be criminalized in England, before they can freely express homosexual content in their literary works.

It is my personal contention that the issue of homosexuality remains to be controversial in other parts of the world until contemporary times. What American culture had promoted in terms of liberalizing homosexual behavior was readily accepted in other Western civilizations. Some Eastern culture remains to be still conservative in openly accepting homosexual acts given the cultural values and beliefs, especially pinning on religious orientations.

In literature, however, I support freedom of creative expression including the writing of homosexual content conforming to ethical frameworks. Wanton disregard for the readers’ morals would render their literary work utterly improvident.

I share Jeremy Bentham’s belief that in writing about homosexuality, one must weigh “the pleasure of consensual homosexual relations against the pain or harm it causes the general public… by causing no harm to others, homosexuality is justified by the pleasures of those who practice it.” (glbtq, 2002, 1)

Works Cited:

Athletic Love: English Literature (1896 – 1969).

Glbtq. (2002). English Literature: Twentieth Century. Retrieved 08 March 2010.

&lt. http://www.glbtq.com/literature/eng_lit6_20c.html&gt.

While we may wish to blame the media for all the racial ills of society, though, it remains true that the media, including Hollywood, reflects as much as it relays. It is also up to us, as the audience, to determine how we will interpret the messages sent and to investigate our own responses, both within the media setting and within daily life, to understand how we may also act in conscious or unconscious ways to reinforce damaging minority stereotypes. For adults, this process of learning about ourselves and our own attitudes generally takes the form of transformative learning. An understanding of this term applied to the 2004 Paul Haggis film Crash and personal experience reveals that film as a genre can provide an excellent point of view from which transformative learning can take place.

Transformative learning in its most basic sense is the way in which adults more consciously learn to adapt and shape their behavior in given situations. Officially, it is described as “the process of effecting change in a frame of reference” (Mezirow, 1997: 5). As Mezirow explains, adults tend to behave according to a set series of the assumption that defines the world as they know it. These can consist of “associations, concepts, values, feelings, conditioned responses” (Mezirow, 1997: 5), anything that provides the adult with a frame of reference for dealing with the particular situation at hand, whether it be a simple transaction at the grocery store or an unusual encounter with an individual of a different race not typically interact with. While the transformative learner will use this opportunity to expand their knowledge and move toward a more self-reflective and inclusive frame of reference, the more common tendency is for the individual to fall back on preconceived and often not well-considered concepts housed deep in their psyche. As Mezirow describes it, the frame of reference is actually comprised of two different elements.