Discussion Articles In an article d diabetes management with electronic medical records a group of researchers were trying to assess the impacts of electronic medical records in improving diabetes care. The researchers identified the following questions that guided their study. Does the use of EMR’s improve diabetes patient outcomes? The doctors in their methodology are seen to use randomized control trials to test the effect of a follow up module implemented through EMR’s versus follow up with only EMRs. The idea here was to compare one approach to the other and find out if the use of one electronic medical records on diabetic patients was actually a good course that improved care. In their method the researchers are seen to be comparing two approaches in order to test which actually yields the expected results (Varroud-Vial, 2011).

The randomized trials are done on diabetic patients within a hospital setting. Although testing and trails is an advanced methodology used in quantitative research we can still see that this research actually used it to find the impacts that the use of one approach would have on the patients. By subjecting a group of patients to EMR’s and not the other they wanted to test the validity of the statement that they had come up earlier or the research question they had identified. The methodology was quite appropriate in this study because they needed to establish the validity of the statement. Tests are carried out in scientific research in order to qualify or disqualify a given fact and this was what was used in this study.

In the second article titled Physicians and Electronic health records the authors wanted to know exactly what the use of electronic medical records by physicians was on the ground in hospitals as concerns. There were two questions proposed for this study and these asked whether the Electronic health records were available for use and secondly the degree to which the physicians used the Electronic health records. The methodology that was adopted for this study was a random survey and this involved a group of 1884 physicians in Massachusetts. The survey used structured questionnaires that required them to answer different issues as concerns addressing the two questions identified earlier. The questionnaires were then mailed to the participants. The questions assessed the following components: availability and use of HER functions, predictors of use and the relationships between HER use and physicians perceptions of medical practice (Simon, 2007).

The sample population used were physicians practicing in Massachusetts in spring 2005. The study drew a stratified random sample of about 1921 and randomly selected 1 physician per practice. An eight page survey was then developed with the questions that tackled a variety of elements as explained above. The survey was administered between June and November 2005. The initial surveys were sent through express mail. Telephone contacts were attempted in order to remind the physicians to fill the questionnaires and respond in good time. Others were given the opportunity to complete the surveys on phone. Therefore a few also completed the survey though telephone. This study therefore followed a survey approach that entailed the use of questionnaires that were completed by physicians or by the researchers who asked physicians questions on phone.

References

Simon, S. R. (2007). Physicians and Electronic health records. Retrieved May 11, 2012, from Archives of Internal medicine: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/167/5/507?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%09+Physicians+and+Electronic+Health+Records&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT

Varroud-Vial, M. (2011). Improving diabetes management with electronic medical records. Retrieved May 11, 2012, from Diabetes and Metabolism: http://www.sciencedirect.

. According to Amy Edmondson, it is always hard to learn from failures since people do not appreciate them, and others do not like failures and most of the time they get defensive failing to acknowledge them. It is hard for employers to accept failures and therefore it becomes very hard for them to learn from them. Thus, most executive do everything to avoid failure and therefore, they do everything not to fail. This is what makes it so hard for them to accept that they fail sometimes.

It is important for big businesses to learn that big projects have bigger chances of failing especially when it is the first time they are working on the project. When big projects such as rebranding fail, the cause is not just a single failure, but small failures in different departments that end up causing the failure. However, mostly in such cases the executive would rather blame an employee rather than accept failure and learn from it. It is also important for organizations to keep trying through trial and error, learning from their mistakes and failures and with time success can be guaranteed.

Bauby’s illness made him unconscious for two weeks and later woke up with a paralysis that left only his left eye working. Jean-Dominique elaborates practical vision based on ordinary experiences magnified in words. The playwright reveals a significant environment of the changing modern literature through the characters.

Miraculously, Dauby was able to communicate with his left eye by blinking to dictate his words at a time, selecting letters as the alphabets were recited to him over and again to make a sentence (Bauby 36). Through these efforts, Bauby was able to compose a book, diving bell and the butterfly. Bauby’s paralysis condition known as locked- in syndrome is a rare condition, which, the patient’s minds are active, but their body parts are immobile. Bauby experienced an immense stroke, in the result of which the injury of the brain took place where the anterior part of the pons was injured. The events of the narration technique focus more on past memories that generate a concrete relationship between the audience and the characters. The book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is a reflective context that analyses the contemporary society through practical vision based on a playwright’s perception.

Bauby had two children and never married their mother his character signifying his way of being independent and selfish. Given the character, it was easy for Bauby to fall apart. Conversely, his condition proved him as a person strong and a persistence personality. His condition gave him motivation and time to reflect on his life and the people around him hence he did not quit. There was not a time in life, Dauby wrote about suicide considering his condition, and that proved his positive perception towards life. Bauby’s optimism towards life shows how people can withstand hardships and still thinks of the benefits (Borgo and Will 100).

Communication involves the basic components, which are the information, sender, receiver, as well as the media through which it takes place. Its effectiveness is realized only when the recipient understands the intended meaning and reciprocates through feedback. Three steps are involved in the process, which is the conception of the idea, the feeling or information, by the person intending to communicate, relaying of the information is passed through words or symbols (verbal and or nonverbal). Finally, the recipient decodes or translates the symbols or words into understandable pieces, which can be responded to and therefore responds through what is the feedback to complete the cycle.

Humans have varying ways through which they communicate and the differences may be dependent on personal background in culture, education, age as well as on gender among other factors. Femininity or masculinity are attributes that effectively explains the speech characteristics that individuals exhibit in communication. In fact, studies indicate that men and women adopt particular strategies of communication as influenced by their sexual orientation and the cultural and social dictates on gender orientations (Anon, 2). The styles and strategies that men, as well as women, adopt for communication are described by ‘debate versus relate’, competitive versus co-operative’ and ‘report versus rapport’. It is, however, worth noting that conversation is an art of every day hence is not restricted to either social or working environment but rather to all such environs. This paper, therefore, intends to study how the differences between men and women’s communication strategies relate to social or biological norms. The comparison is also aimed at establishing what values of the society that the different approaches reveal.

The conception of the differences exhibited by males and females is often viewed from the point of who talks more, who interrupts in a conversation, gender patterns in meetings and conversation set-ups, differences in assertiveness and such other common differential attributes. For instance, men initiate more conversations while compared to women in social settings while women exhibit more tolerance to interruptions by men in conversations as against men. Hobbs (243) shows that in sociolinguistic research, women adopt more polite word strategies while communicating as against men.

To review the concept of racism is to appreciate the social difference. People in any society are all different. People have different ideas and enjoy different things. This is where prejudice can appear. Some people are prejudiced against others who have different skin tone or belong to a different ethnic group or race in favor of their own. This is racism, which is the belief that characteristics and abilities can be attributed to people simply on the basis of their race and that some racial groups are superior to others. Racism and discrimination have been used as powerful weapons, encouraging fear or hatred of others in times of conflict and war, and even during an economic downturn (Shah). UNESCO’s 1978 “Declaration on Race” define racism as any theory claiming the intrinsic superiority or inferiority of racial or ethnic groups which would give to some the right to dominate or even eliminate others, presumed inferior, or basing value judgments on racial differences (De Benoist 13). Racism affects different aspects of society with varied implications.

Racism can affect educational opportunities and experiences. A school is a very good example of a complex community where different types of people meet and interact every day. The diversity in such common grounds often leads to prejudice especially in a multicultural community where the clash of ideas happens all the time. A very common example of racism in school is the act of underestimating or bullying the minority group of students such as Asians or African-Americans most often by White American students (Senker 4-5).&nbsp.