The rationale of the settlement is to work as a team to preserve, restore, and maintain the safety of the Waikato River for upcoming generations. For the co-management arrangements to function in a uniform manner, the Crown was required to recognize the mana whakahaere, which are the power and rights of control, and the mana Ao te awa, which is the spiritual, physical, and cultural relationship of Waikato Tainui and the Waikato River. Waikato Tainui required pardoning the Crown for their forceful occupation of Maori cultural land or property and identifying that the transformations attained to the Waikato River provided the rapidly increasing population of New Zealand (Background to Raupatu, 2010).

In New Zealand, the increasing population is in dire need of power or electricity, wastewater system, and farm water. The Waikato community did not tolerate the contamination and corrosion of the Waikato River because it threatened their existence. It is significant to note that the Crown had power and right over the Waikato River. However, despite the two having opposing perceptions about the management and restoration of the river, they thought it was necessary to dwell and center on future means to preserve and bring the river to its original state.

The Waikato River has an important sense to Maori tribes such as the large Waikato Tainui. Their cultural and spiritual association with the river provides them the liability and accountability to guard and preserve it. For many years, the river has been influential and essential to the Waikato tribes because it offers food and guards them against bad luck or damage. Following confiscation or occupation of the land in the 1860s, the Waikato River was utilized as a basis for stormwater, power or electricity, farming, and wastewater systems in the Waikato community.&nbsp.

The president’s administration has shown the goodwill to sign signed several bills into law to recognize the challenging and dynamic technology sector.

Technological Commitments

The Obama administration provides students with the skills needed for excellence in rewarding technological fields of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. This is based on the understanding that technology plays a leading role in transforming society and processes in every sphere of life. Developing the capacity of students encourages them to pursue technology-related courses and excel in them. It is worth noting that success in technological fields not only takes an interest but also creates an enabling environment for success. The administration has made that environment encourage aspiring students to pursue their dreams without problems (Milakovich & Gordon, 2013). The administration clearly understands the challenges bedeviling the technology sector and wastes no time to address them.

The Cyber-Security Internet Policy

The president pledged to ensure that free and open internet is preserved to encourage innovation, defend free speech, and protect consumers’ choices. An internet policy task force has been created to integrate the industry with policy experts and consumer groups (Reddick, 2012). The attempt to bring these key groups together aims to identify ways of perpetuating the reliability of the internet and the trustworthiness of the resources in it.

The administration joined representatives from civil society, business groups, and technical internet communities from over 30 countries to reaffirm internet policy principles’ significance. Open access to internet resources has been a challenge in some quarters. The Obama administration woke up to this reality and ensured that free internet access flourishes to enhance human connections and innovations to unimaginable heights.

The president and his administration understand the need to make internet security for all Americans. The contemporary technological environment is marred with severe technical challenges that have detrimental effects on individuals and organizations (Milakovich & Gordon, 2013). Americans need to bank, shop, learn, and communicate online without being subjected to security threats, including hacking and identity theft.

The drawn-out contracting and the evolutions of the finances in the sector acted as major prevention for the creation of a holistic understanding of the shipping industry(Darkwa and OCallaghan, 1997). This means that the majority of the commercial habits inherent in the shipping industry are built-in making it hard to remove the ingrained precursors for emission that thwart the efforts to create a better environment.

The Copenhagen Accord of 2009 has brought with it some repercussions for the defaulters such that the major players in the shipping industry had to look into ways of reducing carbon emissions to the accepted levels stated in the accord(Fridell, Winnes and Styhre, 2013). This was and still remains to be a daunting task for the majority of the players in the shipping industry. The development of a proportionate response to the responsibilities of the shipping industry, minimization of the risk of causing harm to the industry itself, and the responsibility of maintaining access to facilitate the economic development fall under the shipping industry and the arrival at an approach that will guarantee the fulfillment of the three responsibilities has been elusive. The development of an effective approach to applying in the shipping industry has been elusive due to the lack of a toolset that will facilitate the evaluation of the potential impacts and reactions in the global shipping system(Jafarzadeh and Utne, 2014). The main sources of the emissions come from shipping in the cargo subsection of the industry. 75% of all the emissions in the shipping industry come from the freight handling sector. The major sources of pollution include ships in the dry bulk ships, wet bulk goods, and gas carrying ships.

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, major industries including the shipping industry found themselves dealing with new issues that affected their&nbsp.operations.

As the value of alpha escalates the system responds relatively quickly as depicted by the underlying lowest rise in the table above.

The underlying step response depicts that the output of the system commences reaching the final value succeeding the first-order system response, which essentially exponential increase of the output. The speed of the system depends on the value of the alpha that it α it dictates whether a system will be either faster or slower. Moreover, a relatively higher value of α normally results in a faster response.

This can be verified by the three graphs below that the steady-state value of every response. For the relative value of alpha, the underlying steady values translate to the lower as the prevailing alpha appears at the denominator. Thus, the alpha value of eight possesses steady-state value of 0.125, which is the lowest.

The transfer function is significant for the analysis of the system stability. A system is stable in case e poles of the underlying transfer function possess negative real parts. This implies that the quantities of s at the existing denominator become zero. When the poles are on the complex s-plane that is all the poles are within the left half of the plane then it is under stable operation. The system marginally stable when two poles on the imaginary axis and the corresponding system have oscillation. The system is stable since the pole’s real part is negative. Moreover, the system’s stability is attained from the state-space model. Transfer function poles are the system matrix A’s eigenvalues.

To make the system stable, the alpha value ought to be that the underlying poles stay left side of the S-plane, which depicts that the α&gt.0. When the value of α=0, the system is stable and called marginal stable

Because the prevailing negative value of the alpha makes the underlying exponential term positive, the corresponding output escalates exponentially.&nbsp.

The global economy is heavily dependent on oil production and this source of energy controls over 90% of the world economy and about 25% of the Gross domestic product of the oil-producing countries [1].

Oil and gas are produced both onshore and offshore and it is transported through pipelines to the refineries and various depots. The global oil reserve is estimated at about 3520 billion barrels and an average daily production of 2500-3000 billion barrels. Over the past years, the global production of oil and natural gas has increased substantially [2]. This has resulted in increased processing and transportation of oil between points. There has been a great increase in the oil spills and theft of oil resulting in environmental pollution and degradation [3]. Oil spills normally result from a number of factors including defective materials, corrosion of pipes, ground erosion, tectonic movement on the offshore wells, and vandalism of the oil and gas facilities [1]. Oil spills normally result in adversely fatal impacts such as environmental degradation, fires, and massive loss of property.

Taking a more specific focus on Nigeria, the country heavily depends on oil production to support its economy and its GDP. Various multinational companies in the country have invested in oil and gas production and even though this sector is doing fairly well, oil spills and theft remain a big problem in the country [2]. Most of the oil spillage in Nigeria is associated with equipment failure and corrosion of pipes as a result of aging. Vandalism contributes about 69% of the total spillage while 20% is contributed by controlled incidents [1]. The table below shows the recorded spillage for a period of 10 years.

In order to maximize profits, companies use various tools for product management such as the Boston Matrix Tool and product lifecycle management [4]. Use of information technology comes in handy in the long term planning, management and marketing of the products.