This report presents an insightful study on the concept of shareholder value maximisation and the efforts that are undertaken by management to achieve it. It demonstrates that in an effort to enhance shareholder value the management generally puts behind the importance of serving the interest of other stakeholders like employees, customers, suppliers and society that share a long-term association with the company. However, protection of interests of these stakeholders is important to ensure the maximisation of shareholder value. This report, therefore, concludes that in order to accomplish the objective of shareholder value maximisation in an effective manner, the management should also strive to serve the interests of other stakeholders. Shareholders are the true owners of a company and have ultimate residual claims on its financial assets. Management is responsible to serve the interests of shareholders and engage the efforts of the whole organisation towards the enhancement of value for shareholders as well as the other stakeholders that have their interest in the corporatio

number Political rhetoric Over the years, rhetoric has been adopted by many political leaders with an aim of informing, motivating or persuading their audiences in a given situation. President Obama has not been an exception since he adopts the figurative language in his speeches to draw attention to the current ideas. This paper outlines the relevance of political rhetoric in the society as used by President Obama in the State of the union speech. It will also outline how republicans responded to Obama in the State of the union speech.

There are diverse rhetorical devices that any individual can borrow from President Obama’s state of the Union speech in 2013. Given the variations in the economic state of the United States of America, Obama used his annual State of the Union podium to adopt a new trend in his executive authority as the President. The speech entailed rhetoric speech through the use of defiant words such as “with or without Congress” as an individual step in advancement of the economy. The President also adopted the use of alliteration in a number of paragraphs such as “It is our unfinished task to restore the basic bargain that built this country, the idea that if you work hard and meet your responsibilities, you can get ahead, no matter where you come from, what you look like, or who you love.” These words outline the repetition of words alongside words that soften the attention of the audience. In addition, the president insisted the use of rhetoric using character development by stating. “I’m eager to work with all of you,” “But America does not stand still and neither will I. So wherever and whenever I can take steps without legislation to expand opportunity for more American families, that’s what I’m going to do (Baker, n.d).”

At the same time, republicans were not left out in responding to the rhetoric speech of Obama in the state of the Union. The five term congress woman, Cathy McMorris Rodgers rhetorically responded by blaming Obama for the current economic problems. She stated, “Too many people are falling further and further behind because, right now, the president’s policies are making people’s lives harder,” she said. “Republicans have plans to close the gap.” Her speech incorporated alliteration as a way of outlining how her 6 year old son, Cole was born with Down syndrome under the Obama’s health care program that had many regulations and a record in expenditure (Franke-Ruta, n.d).

Obama’s speech at the annual State of the Union podium resembles that of Julius Caesar. This is because both leaders adopt an alliteration style of rhetoric in their speeches where they have towering ambitions and show leadership geniuses when addressing the people. Alliteration words add a textual complexity to the speech and engage the audience. In the Roman history, Julius Caesar inspired people to achieve results during war and peace in his speeches. This is the same repetition words that Obama uses to insist the essence of having a stable economy and remake the US Republic during annual State of the Union (Oconnell, n.d).

Obama’s rhetorical approach was closer to Brutus’s speech in act iii at the funeral of Caesar because it entails an appeal to reason and order. This is evident when Obama states, “It is our unfinished task to make sure that this government works on behalf of the many, and not just the few. that it encourages free enterprise, rewards individual initiative, and opens the doors of opportunity to every child across this great nation. The President’s speech does not match that of Anthony because the president did not have a difficult time to change the mind of a crowd that had been convinced by other speeches before he stood to address the people. The president’s case is different from Anthony because Anthony stto to address the people that had been convinced by Brutuss speech (Baker, n.d ).”

The use of Ethos, Logos and Pathos is evident in Obama’s speech during the annual State of the Union podium. Obama states, “Hadiya’s parents, Nate and Cleo, are in this chamber tonight, along with more than two dozen Americans whose lives have been torn apart by gun violence. They deserve a vote. Gabby Giffords deserves a vote. The families of Newtown deserve a vote. The families of Aurora deserve a vote. The families of Oak Creek, and Tucson, and Blacksburg, and the countless other communities ripped open by gun violence – they deserve a simple vote.” This statement shows that the president uses Ethos to convince the audience to develop the economic state of the nation. Also, he uses Logos to persuade the audience on the facts behind economic state of the nation. Pathos shows an appeal of the President to emotion (Talev & Dorning, n.d).

During the State of the Union podium, there is no anecdotal evidence or analogy which appeals used by any of the speakers. This is because there was no unreliable sample soft typical case where there was dubious support of claims. The president gave solid evidence towards his speech on the economic state of the United States of America.

Work cited

Baker, P. In State of the Union Address, Obama Vows to Act Alone on the Economy. The New York Times Company, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/29/us/politics/obama-state-of-the-union.html

Franke-Ruta, G. Cathy McMorris Rodgers, a new GOP face for the State of the Union response. Yahoo News, 2014. Retrieved from http://news.yahoo.com/cathy-mcmorris-rodgers–a-new-gop-face-for-the-state-of-the-union-response-212815609.html

Oconnell, K. Obama Believed He’d Reign Like Julius Caesar, But Will He End as Nero?Canada Free Press, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/20503

Talev, M & Dorning, M. Obama Appeals for Action on Boosting Economic Mobility. Bllomberg, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-29/obama-appeals-for-action-on-boosting-economic-mobility.

Physics Essay Neptune and Jupiter have very little differences because the biggest similarity between them is that they both are “the outer planets”. The outer planets are the planets beyond the asteroid belt and the furthest away in the solar system. These planets also include Neptune and Jupiter because they do not have solid surfaces and are made out of gases. Following are the similarities and differences between Jupiter and Neptune.

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and it has the diameter of 142,984 km (88,846 miles). On the other hand Neptune is the smallest among the outer planets with the diameter of 49.532km (30,779 miles).

Jupiter has a Great Red Spot which looks like a hurricane raging for around 400 years whereas, Neptune has the Great Dark Spot which disappeared according to NASA but it has again emerged in the same size of dark spot on the blue-green planet these spots are observed as their weather systems.

All the outer planets spin quickly Jupiter spins the quickest, takes only 9 hours and 55 minutes to spin on its axis (Hollerbach).

The outer planets take the longest to orbit around the sun, it takes Jupiter 12 years to orbit and Neptune takes 164 years to orbit around the sun.

Both planets are balls of gasses although they are likely to have a liquid or solid centre but it would to impossible to stand on them.

There are 63 moons orbiting around Jupiter and 16 moons orbiting around Neptune.

Both planets have rings of dust and rocks orbiting around them.

Jupiter and Neptune both have more similarities because they both are outer planets. Despite of their large structures outer planets are lighter than their sizes.

REFERENCES

Hollerbach, Rainer.&nbsp.The Magnetic Universe: Geophysical and Astrophysical Dynamo Theory. Wiley VCH, 2004. Internet resource.

Credit rating of small business Affiliation This paper evaluates whether a bank should or should not grant a loanto a small business based on the credit rating. Specifically, it assesses if the bank should grant the loan to the small business if it has a bad credit rating. Evidence has been derived from peer reviewed scholarly articles in order to support the justifications. Profits are fundamental to any bank setting. Therefore, when a bank is evaluating whether to grant a loan or not, it assesses the risk associated with granting that loan. According to Stein (2004), banks frequently ask for a certain regulation for identifying a cut-off over which the loan will be given and below which it will not (Stein, 2005).

Introduction

Small businesses play an important role in the economy of many countries. More importantly, many of them rely on banks to finance their businesses. Granting of loans to small businesses is an intricate matter that requires the bank to gather information that helps it to assess the businesses’ ability to pay back the loan and not default (Frame & White, 2004). Hence, banks are resulting to using credit rating scores to determine if or if not to grant a loan to the business. The question is if bad credit rating means a bank should not grant a loan to a small business owner to expand or invest in his business? Why and why not?

According to Petrovic and Davidovic (2011), loan granting to small businesses poses a test to banks. However, banks should give loans to small businesses based on their credit rating. It has been found that small businesses having in-between credit ratings are likely to rely on loans from banks. Conversely, for small businesses that have low ratings, evaluation fails to avail reason to grant loans as they are thought to have nothing to lose if they default (Petrovic & Davidovic, 2011). The credit rating of a small business borrower functions to envisage future acts that the borrower will without evaluation. Hence, a bad credit rating will imply that the bank should not grant a loan to the business as the credit rating serves to predict the actions of the business after getting the loan. The credit rating obtained aids in the formation of the bank’s decision (Diamond, 1991).

On the other hand, bad credit rating should not be used to deny a small business a loan grant because banks do not have all the information concerning the borrower. Even if the bank obtains a good credit rating concerning the borrower that allows a bank to grant the small business a loan, the borrower may opt to default even if the business does well. A scenario termed as moral hazard. The bank’s loan policy may also be a factor in determining the type of borrowers the bank gets. The rate of interest banks charge on loans may draw low-quality borrowers, in which case the credit rating will be low (Inter-American Development Bank, 2004).

References

Diamond, D. W. (1991). Monitoring and Reputation: The Choice between Bank Loans and Directly Placed Debt. Journal of Political Economy, 99, 689-721.

Frame, W. S., & White, L. J. (2004). Emprical studies of financial innovation: lots of talk, little of action? Journal of Economic Literature, 116-144.

Inter-American Develpment Bank. (2004). Unlocking Credit: The Quest for Deep and Stable Bank Lending. Washington DC: IDB.

Petrovic, R., & Davidovic, M. (2011). Granting Loans To Legal Entities As The Banks Business Process. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Mnagement, 2(2), 69-76.

Stein, R. M. (2005). The relationship between default prediction and lending profits: Integrating ROC analysis and loan pricing. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29, 1213-1236.

The company also has an office in Tokyo located in Bunkyo. Another office is in Nagoya a place called Nakamura-Ku, Nagoya. The company not only manufactures automobiles but has gone a step further to offer financial services and has also ventured into building robots (Ohno, 1998).

In 1936, the company first entered into passenger business with a model AA. It then held a competition in the search for a logo. The entries were overwhelming and it hit the 27,000 marks. One out of all these entries was selected and the name was changed to Toyota from the original family name Toyoda (Ohno, 1998). The new name was received very well and the name itself is associated with well and good fortunes in Japan. The original logo was then to disappear and the new one was used.

Toyota in 1989 introduced a new worldwide logo during the commemoration of the companies 50 years in business (Mike, 2003). The logo was also aimed at differentiating the company from other companies with similar brands. The new logo had three ovals that combine to form the letter “T”, which stands for Toyota. The oval also had a larger meaning, the overlapping simply implies the good beneficial and mutual relationship between the company and the customer. The larger oval that surrounds the inner ones was to signify the global expansion of the company and its unlimited focus on the future (Mike, 2003).

In terms of its marketing, the company mainly focuses and insists on the positive experiences derived from the quality and ownership of the vehicle. This experience is targeted in the companies slogans like the one that reads “You asked for it! You got it!” (1975–1979), “Oh, what a feeling!,” (1979 – September 1985, in the US), “Who could ask for anything more?” (September 1985 – 1989), “I love what you do for me, Toyota!” (1989–1997), “Everyday” (1997–2001)”, “Get the feeling!,” (2001–2004), and “Moving Forward” (2004–present) (Kentaro & MIT Japan Program, 1996).