With the advent of automobiles, the need for transportation between Oakland and San Francisco increased. Therefore, the California Legislature developed a California Toll Bridge Authority in 1929 which was responsible for the construction of the bridge, joining San Francisco and Oakland. The route that was chosen for the construction of the bridge passes through Yerba Buena Island which was, at that time, being used as a US naval base. This route was chosen as it significantly reduced bridge length, construction cost, and labor. But before starting the construction of the bridge, permission from the US congress was required for the construction over Yerba Buena Island, which was finally obtained in1931.

The realization of Bay Bridge Construction started with the establishment of the California Toll Bridge Authority in 1929 and a number of unemployed people got employment. Initially, fourteen designs were submitted for the Bay Bridge. The final design consisted of a cantilever bridge from Oakland to Yerba Buena and a suspension bridge from Yerba Buena to San Francisco. Both the bridges were joined by boring a tunnel on Yerba Buena Island.

The Bay Bridge was first designed by Charles H. Purcell who was a civil engineer by profession. This was the longest bridge designed at that time and designing and analysis of such a mega project was a big deal at that time. The bay bridge was designed in two sections which were then connected by making use of a tunnel. Both the sections were designed differently according to the climatic conditions and land of both the regions. Also, water depth was not the same in the two areas which were joined by the bridge. The San Francisco region was covered in the western span of the bridge and that portion of the bridge was designed on the principle of the suspension bridge. This suspension bridge was having heightened towers with long spans to provide flexibility and strength to the&nbsp.design. whereas, the eastern section is having a blend of truss and cantilever design.

This is due to the fact that jobs like this require long hours of work and travel not to mention a high level of stress. In the process, some dimension of the individual’s personal life is affected just like the case of as David Clark, the Vice President for Global Marketing for MTV who rarely sees his son due to the demands of his job. While he stayed on the job and still grateful to have a job that others wanted, it is still not for everybody as we can see on the rate of turnovers with this kind of jobs. Other’s would prefer a less satisfying professional job for as long as they can fulfill their need for love and belongingness which their family provides.

The nature of the job which provides professional satisfaction to the individual increases the level of job satisfaction. More especially if the work pays well and able to meet the individuals’ other needs such as the need for self-esteem provided by a job, belongingness that is provided by the organization and the self-actualization of work. Every company strives for its employees to be satisfied with their job to avoid turnovers that could be costly for the company.

When employees are satisfied with their jobs, they will naturally tend to do a good job which will translate to positive job performance. They will also identify with the organization which could affect the behavior of their corporate citizenship. As such, they will put on long hours of work with their own initiative knowing that it is required of the job. Employees also who identify with their organization will tend to do other functions that are beyond their job description for as long as it is good for the overall well-being of the company. In short, they will do the extra mile with the company when they feel belonging to the organization. Above all, a happy and satisfied customer will stick with the company thus avoiding turnovers.

People are motivated differently when they do a particular job. While others are motivated with positive reinforcements as motivation, there are other employees whose best instinct comes out when they know things are going bad. This is the case of David Clark, the Vice President for Global Marketing for MTV who quipped that he is motivated knowing the fact that there are others who would like to have his job. This instinct is especially heightened during a crisis when people are losing their jobs and their homes that others would just be too eager to do his job. It may be a negative motivation but it prompts him to do a good job and be satisfied with what he is doing knowing that the alternative would be far from the ideal.

. Teacher The ghosts of Rwanda The film The ghosts of Rwanda is a gut wrenching documentary about the Rwandan genocide in 1995 particularly in the opening scene where dead bodies were shown to illustrate the magnitude of the conflict. The documentary was able to catch the human misery and drama during the Rwandan genocide in the mise-en-scene introduction of the film that told the extent of the violence waged by the Hutus and Tutsis against each other. It was so revolting that the Rwandan genocide is recorded in history as one of the most brutal genocide and also cited the indifference of the world as it just stood by and let the whole atrocity happen.

The story was told both by the victims and the perpetrators as well as the third parties who were supposed to stop the genocide but did not do enough. The details of the horror of the genocide was encapsulated in the scene when a Tutsi woman who appealed to the Belgian journalists to take her and her companion with them to escape the attack of the Hutus. The shame of not doing enough when something could have been done was also encapsulated by an American diplomat who said that it was America’s bad taste not to do enough when people were being massacred. General Romeo Dallaire Commander of the UN Peacekeeping Mission also regretted that 800,000 people died in the genocide that he cannot find solace with the statement that he tried his best. Kofi Anan, the UN Secretary General during that time was also one of the resource person for the interview but his reaction portrayed the indecisiveness of the UN as he advised General Dallaire not to engage when it was already apparent that the Hutus are bent on sabotaging the peace process. He even advised to share intelligence with the Hutu dominated government who was bent on ending the peace process.

The information and probably the lasting impact that the film left to its audience is how ugly and atrocious genocide and extremism is. The killing spree used not only guns but also machetes that spared no one including the Prime Minister. It was so barbaric that the Rwandan genocide in 1995 will probably go down in history as one of the most revolting civil war in mankind’s history. The films that ethnic hatred, when go unchecked can go on a killing spree killing even the highest official in the land (Rwandan President’s plane was shot by a missile and the Prime Minister attacked in her home despite UN security forces). And probably, one of the information given by the film that is as revolting as genocide is the racism exercised by the Belgian forces during the height of the genocide. When the Hutu militia broke loose in killing everyone, it was only western people who are white skinned that was evacuated by the Belgian military. They were under orders not to evacuate ordinary Rwandans no matter how they pleaded for their life that an American diplomat had to say that this left a bad taste in their policy because thousands were killed.

Until now, the Rwanda Genocide in 1995 is always cited when the brutality of genocide is discussed. It goes down in infamy for its brutality, particularly in making machetes famous in hacking people to death and the sickening thought that the whole world just watched and did not do enough to stop the genocide.

Work Cited

“GHOST OF RWANDA.”&nbsp.YouTube. YouTube. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.

The outcome of the tensile tests confirmed that the Steel 1018 was stronger than the Aluminum 6061-T6, Aluminum 2024-T4, and also Steel A36. Steel 1018 had the average maximum ultimate tensile strength and Steel had the average maximum ultimate tensile strength, they both had a greater modulus of toughness, had larger true fracture strength, and had a higher yield than the Aluminum 2024-T4 and also Aluminum 6061-T6. This proves that Steel 1018 and Steel 36 are more ductile because of their percent reduction in the area ranging to 50.50% and a percent elongation ranging to 17.6% compared to Aluminum2024-T4 and Aluminum 6061-T6.

Steel is stiffer meaning it deforms less for a given load but it is also more ductile because it deforms more than aluminum prior to final rupture. Therefore, it is an ideal choice for engineers. However, aluminum is lighter and less susceptible to corrosion.

For the selection of engineering materials, standard tensile testing parameters are useful. It helps in the choice of the majority of suitable materials for many projects and to develop new techniques to alter the material’s properties so that it can be customized and the material can be used for the particular application.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the tensile strength of Steel 1018, A36 Steel, 2024-T4 Aluminum, and Aluminum 6061-T6 using the Tinius-Olsen machine and data acquisition software. Also, the strength and several elastic and inelastic properties of the stated metal specimens are measured and compared.&nbsp.Finally, a comparison of the recorded values of each property of the metal specimens with the values reported in the literature and observing and comparing the variations in the performance of materials in load.

To achieve the objectives, 16 metal specimens – 4 specimens each of A36 steel, 1018 steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, and 2024-T4 aluminum were tested in uniaxial tension to failure.&nbsp. Load and strain data from the tests were used to determine the material properties of the specimen and results were compared among specimens and to reference values.