So, if the employee considers that the tax refund is permanent (i.e. will not be adjusted upwards at some point in the future) he will consider he has a greater disposable current income (represented by an outward shift in the budget constraint from ω to ω’). In the other case, the employee will use the tax refund for savings.&nbsp.The answer depends on the perception of the income taxes of employees. So, if the employee considers that the tax refund is permanent (i.e. will not be adjusted upwards at some point in the future) he will consider he has a greater disposable current income (represented by an outward shift in the budget constraint from ω to ω’). In the other case, the employee will use the tax refund for savings (a shift from ω to ω’’)

c)

It is good to get a tax refund up to some point because if you consider a future increase in taxes for the next year, the effect of the refund will be offset by future possible higher liabilities.

Optimal current consumption and savings:

c+ c’/1.05=255.24 =&gt. c= 130.89 =&gt. s= 200-40-130.89= 29.11 =&gt. consumer is a lender

Optimal future consumption and savings:

c+ c’/1.05=255.24 =&gt. c= 130.89 =&gt. s= 150-50-130.89= -30.89 =&gt. consumer is a borrower

c)

w=200-20+ (150-71)/1.05= 255.24

Optimal current consumption and savings:

c+ c’/1.05=255.24 =&gt. c= 130.89 =&gt. s= 200-20-130.89= 49.11 =&gt. consumer is a lender

Optimal future consumption and savings:

c+ c’/1.05=255.24 =&gt. c= 130.89 =&gt. s= 150-71-130.89= -51.89 =&gt.

These differences in their interpretation were perhaps borne of the story’s shortness and a dearth of definite meanings that it leaves it, readers, to interpret it in several ways. It may have been intentional or unintentional but it is important to note that in a personal interview with James Joyce by Vanity Fair, he mentioned that readers should not take him too seriously. This may be another allegorical answer or perhaps the writer is too much a genius for what is mirth to him is considered a scholarly inquiry in the generations that succeeded him to interpret what he really meant in his short story Clay.

Of these authors that attempted to interpret the meanings of Joyce’s Clay, the paper will cite two authors, namely William Noon, S.J. who interpreted the short story under the lens of spirituality and religion where Marie was taken as a “saint” as well as a “woman” and Margot Norris who took the story as a strong expression of desire in human discourse and human lives. The variation of their interpretation may have been due to the different points of reference they made in the novel. For Noon’s religious interpretation, this may have been due to the reference of Mrs. Donnely’s remark that Maria would enter a convent before the year was out because she had got the prayer-book. This remark might have explained why Maria had been single all those years. For Norris on the other hand, it may be the circumstance of Maria.

The guiding principle towards the cessation and replacement therapy is that direct smoking of tobacco poses many harmful effects to the smoker hence the need to avoid it. This is justified by the number of tobacco-related deaths witnessed among active smokers. Through NRT, the victim no longer craves the smoke making it possible to quit smoking.

The most common forms of NRT are nicotine gums and patches, which are administered on the victim by sticking the patches to the harm or providing chewing gums with nicotine (Ferguson et al 2012). Nicotine lozenges, inhalers, and sublingual tablets are some of the other forms of NRT. However, the effectiveness of NRT has been questioned based on the cost and degree of success. Research shows that patients who use NRT are more likely to quit smoking (2.5 times) compared to circumstances where NRT is not used.

Though NRT has been recommended in most Pharmacotherapy, the side effects are central to the cause of key concern areas. More cases of relapsers, temporary lapsers and withdrawal symptoms have been reported among users of the therapy. This makes it difficult to adopt the therapy conclusively since the ultimate goal of complete cessation is unattainable.

The appropriateness of NRT is questionable since it points to the direction that most people who are in therapy might constantly depend on nicotine and thus worsen their condition (Bhattacharya, 2004). The victims might be in need of replacement therapy more than they were doing with the smoking. It should also be noted that transdermal nicotine and nicotine gum work on reducing the anticipated withdrawal symptoms while other forms of NRT such as clonidine reduce arousal by smoking.

Key findings of such researches explain the significance of each mode. The research finds that, for effective use of transdermal nicotine, there is no need for psychological therapy.

We cannot, of course, layout the entire history of such a discussion. however, it should supply us with the proper context for asking how such a question might be answered. The question, formulated as “does knowledge originate in the senses or in the mind?”, seems relatively straightforward. Yet, certain concepts, indicated by italics, have been the subject of philosophical debate for thousands of years. Certain terms need to be defined, in preparation—the terms of the question—in order to make progress. this process of definition will require considerable intellectual resources but is necessary to reaching the evaluative conclusions we seek. Once the definitions are in place, the complex question we are supposed to answer will be replaced with one conscious of the context of knowledge acquisition. And the answer to this question shall take us neither to advocate for reason nor to advocate for the experience but to an integration of the two traditions.

Before beginning, however, according to Voltaire, we must define our terms. Knowledge, of course, is the subject of an entire branch of philosophy known as epistemology. the senses are the main topic of a field known as the philosophy of perception, and the nature of the mind has been the subject of intense debate in the philosophy of mind since Socrates. Among these, knowledge is, without a doubt, the most difficult to define properly. Plato seemed to have the correct response by claiming it to be “justified true belief”, according to his dialogue the Theaetetus in which Socrates contends that belief is dissimilar to knowledge because of justification (Plato). However, this misinterpretation of Plato, who thought knowledge was actually a matter of recollection, became all but abandoned after a paper named “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” was published by philosopher Edmund Gettier. In it, Gettier proposed two counterexamples to “justified true belief”, one of which will concern us here. Consider that person X has applied for a position at a company, but actually (1) holds a justified belief that “person Y will get the job”, and (2) holds a justified belief that person Y has ten coins in her pocket. Thus, Person X validly concludes that “the person who will get the job has ten coins in his or her pocket”

The idea of deviance is complicated since norms vary considerably across times, groups, and places. This is to say, what one group may consider acceptable. another may consider deviant. Conforming behavior is one which obeys the rule, and others recognize as following the rule. In other words, the good behaviors that are considered in a societal setup. The issues of deviance versus conformity are essential in understanding the individual behavior and how the society operates. It becomes relevant whenever an individual must decide between doing and not doing the expectation of the society. There are hence various theories that are tied to the theories of conformity and deviance such as social control, conflict theory, and labeling theory. These are the theories that give the behaviors of various characters in the film “Go “. The comedy film “Go” told from three perspectives, it is a comedy of a group of young Californians trying to obtain some cash, deal and do some drugs, score money and sex in Las Vegas, and mostly experience the rush of life. Go comedy film is set generally during one Christmas Eve in the view and lives of a bunch of young adults on the scenarios surrounding a drug deal and engagements in Los Angeles repeated three various times from three different opinions. In narrowing down to the deviance theory, labeling theory is the theory that can help explain individual’s behavior in a social set up. Labeling theory, according to Becker shows how the behavior and self-identity of individuals may be influenced or determined by the terms used to classify or describe