Provide a 5 pages analysis while answering the following question: Informal exchange networks, made possible through different processes of social relations, permeate the formal system in all levels which facilitates the flow of goods. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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However, her general idea about people’s complex global interaction would actually suffice common understanding on why informal exchange is not hard to penetrate into any formal designed system intended for any ideal activity.

A good way to start the argument in this paper is to first understand globalization with reference to its wide range of context. It is evident that substantial arguments are available in order to prove that globalization could be considered as a process in which people around the world are interconnected in different ways even considering larger distance (Lechner, 2009). Perhaps, the common understanding about it is that it substantially shaped the world. However, Nordstrom (2007) offered her own point of view regarding this matter providing her essential arguments which include the point that it is the people who actually shaped globalization and not the other way around. In what way do people formed globalization is an interesting subject Nordstrom emphasizes in her book entitled “Global Outlaws: Crime, Money, And Power in the Contemporary World.” Interconnection among everybody is therefore a significant point that one needs to take into account regarding the matter about forming significant networks to ensure a simple until a wide range of interconnectivity. Based on the idea of Nordstrom, if people create globalization which according to Lechner involves interconnection, then joining onto one another must have substantially originated among those who involved themselves with the network. From the simplest down to complex interconnection, Nordstrom believes that everything is possible just to ensure effective formation of networks that could have significant implication on obtaining power, profit and productivity within the bound of social, cultural, political and economic issues (Nordstrom, 2007).

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Money & Payments / Present value. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide

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An abstract is required. Money and Banking In answering the question of how inflation affects the functions of money, it is important to some of the common function of money. These include Medium of exchange in trade, store of value or measure of value, a standard of deferred payment as well as a unit of account to make accounting records for transactions involving money. On the other hand, inflation referrers to a situation where the general prices of goods and services are increasing continuously for a significant period say one year. In other words, inflation leads to decline in money value over time. Consequently, inflation has a direct effect on the money function of serving as a medium of exchange. In a situation where an economy is experiencing high inflation, the value of money keeps on falling hence making it difficult to place the value of goods in that economy generally. In short, this function of money becomes less effective in a situation of high inflation. With the increase in inflation, the volatility of the same tends to increase unpredictably. With this, it becomes difficult to place a particular value on money. This in turn reduces the effectiveness of money as a store of value. On the same note, the use of money as a condition for deferred payment becomes ineffective with high rates of inflation (Hammonds, 2006).

With time, payment systems will evolve into electronic payment systems that are known as e-commerce. In actual sense, electronic commerce is rapidly growing in many markets around the globe. This is attributable to the development of the national information infrastructure that have facilitated the transfer of money from one place to another electronically. This form of payment will benefit the society in reducing transaction costs in various ways, To begin with, with e-commerce, the transaction costs remain the same regardless of the number of transactions involved. This is unlike the case of cash payments where the number of transactions is a factor. This payment system is also accurate and eliminates errors involved with human processes. This means that the number of employees needed to transact in such a system is few hence reducing the general cost of the said business (Hammonds, 2006).

In addressing the inverse relationship between security prices and interest rates, the security to be considered will be a bond. Bonds are usually bought directly through banks or mutual funds. Upon issuance of new bonds, they carry coupon rates that are either equal or close to the prevailing market interest rate. However, security prices in general and in this case bond prices have an inverse relationship with interest rates. This implies that once the interest rate goes down in an individual economy, the value of securities goes up. The reverse is also true. As such, investors in various securities should have a keen eye on different interest rates prevailing in markets that can be invested in.

In negotiating an automobile lease, a person ought to have the knowledge of a couple of concepts regarding the lease of cars. First, it is imperative to note that the lease payments for an automobile are dictated by the value or price of that car. On a similar note, it is critical to know that a person could negotiate for the price of an automobile prior to leasing it. The lower the price, the lower the lease payments. Other information that is helpful in this negotiation includes the following: the vehicles invoice price, excess mileage costs that apply in case the limit set at the pint of lease is exceeded as well as the exact time duration that an individual wants to take a contract. This is because leases taken for a longer period have less monthly than shorter terms. This can hence misguide a person to make a lease for an automobile for a longer period than the desired (Jasper, 2005).

References

Hammonds, H. (2006). Banking: Money. South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Education Australia Pty.

Jasper, M. (2005). Auto leasing. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications.

Compose a 250 words assignment on m chap 3. Needs to be plagiarism free! Strategic Issues in Marketing al Affiliation Strategic Issues in Marketing What is the issue?

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The Impacts of Consumer Behavior in Marketing is one of the issues currently affecting the marketing activities in the world. This is in relevance to the changes in consumer behavior, tastes as well as preferences. This information is retrieved from http://writer.academia-research.com/orders/vieworder/orderid/1292282 as the major literary source.

2. How does the issue affect the strategic Marketing of a company? Be sure to use examples.

It is of crucial significance to note that consumer behaviors is always critical in controlling the type of marketing strategies employed by different companies in various measures, as well as, ways. Both small scale and large scale businesses may always employ certain approaches as well as techniques relevant to changes in consumer behavior (Dietrich and Media, 2015)s. In marketing, businesses always need to acquit themselves with certain information from their consumers including their locations, what they want, as well as who their real consumers are. Changes in consumer behaviors always make businesses to conduct thorough researches, as well as, surveys in order to know what the consumers want. For example, in case they fail to satisfy the changing consumer interests and needs, marketing of such products may be compromised and can easily fail. As such, the businesses always conduct surveys and research through sales forecasts, internet researches, as well as, market sensing (Dietrich and Media, 2015). This gives them a competitive advantage in the marketing spectrum as they deeply understand the needs of their customers, failure to which, can lead to failure of the companies.

3. How does the economy of US affect the issue

It is important to note that the issue of consumer behavior is also affected by the economy of the United States in certain ways. For instance, if the economy strengthens, the consumer demands and tastes increases (Rao, 2010). However, if the economy faces some crises, the consumers also feel these economic crises, thereby limiting their consumption demands.

4. How does the legislation affect the issue?

It is of critical significance to note that changes in consumer behavior are not influenced by any legislation. This is because consumer behaviors are majorly dictated by their own personal interests, tastes and preferences. As such, it is important to note that consumer behavior can affect the market in various ways.

5. What is your personal opinion on the issue?

According to my opinion, consumer behavior always controls the markets in various ways. as such, the changes in consumer behavior can always make some companies to experience big losses if they do not device effective marketing strategies to approach the situations occasioned by the changes in consumer behaviors. Therefore, it is always prudent that companies conduct regular surveys, as well as researches on how to best satisfy the needs and demands of their consumers. This is important for such companies to remain economically relevant and competitive in the world marketing fronts.

References

Dietrich, R. and Media, D. (2015). “The Effect of Consumer Behavior in Marketing of Organisation”. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effect-consumer-behaviour-marketing-organization-17934.html on 4th July 2015.

Rao, S. R. (2010). “Consumer Behavior and Marketing Implications”. Retrieved on 4th July 2015 from http://www.citeman.com/8609-consumer-behavior-and-marketing-implications-2.

Complete 1 page APA formatted article: Types of Probation. Britain introduced personal supervision to young offenders in 1820 with experimental measures.

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Probation is first named by Augustus John in 1841 as he works with the Washington Abstinence society. He visits the Boston police court and does pretrial inquiries on offenders and this evolves into what was known as the Massachusetts scheme (DP, 2011). The first systematic example of probation supervision began in 1869 in America. Between 1878 and 1938 various states and districts including the federal government set up probation laws. In 1983 electronic monitoring of offenders begins in Mexico followed by Florida. In 1989 a survey indicates that fifty states have adopted intensive probation and other intermediate sanction programs (Anderson, 2010).

The probation supervision has developed over the years with states enacting various laws to help in ensuring effective and adequate supervision. These laws have seen the introduction of other types of supervision such as standard supervision, unsupervised probation, and informal supervision. Al these have developed in order to make probation supervision easy, convenient and effective (HCDA, 2011).

Probation as a process means that it is an investigation that is conducted by a specific court and the supervision of persons in a community. An investigation such that an individual is monitored by a court whether they are changing behavior or not and supervision such that an individual is assigned a person whom they are supposed to report to or who monitors them to make sure they are doing what is right. If they deviating they can be sentenced or the period of probation can be increased (PA, 2011)

Provide a 8 pages analysis while answering the following question: The California State Government. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required

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. The national financial system shows indications of recovery. California’s newly published financial plan proposes that the country at present has a slight operating superfluous, and the state’s political officials have already commenced painting a magnificent image of California’s financial outlook. Nevertheless, the complete account is in the details.

A closer examination discloses that California has numerous lingering issues that the nation’s political officials have yet to attend to and solve. Studying these challenges discloses a common fundamental topic: lack of sustainability. California as we recognize it is merely unsustainable. To recover California’s shaky course, the country needs knowledgeable natives and officials willing to handle the nation’s financial plan realities. We should end the rotation of disregard, lack of knowledge, and rescheduling.

Water supply: In the latest decades, water companies have made considerable improvements towards a consistent water supply structure. Nevertheless, California’s water scheme still undergoes some problems like old and inadequate water facilities, mostly unmanaged surface water distribution, uneconomical water usage, and ecological problems. These issues have become harder to handle with population increase and greater temperatures. Therefore, enhancing the supply of water administration strategies as well as discovering appropriate financing sources is important technique for the country to build up an efficient and consistent water supply arrangement (Klein 2006).

Uncertain revenue: When income varies extensively from decade to decade, budgeting efficiently for the potential may be hard due to considerable improbability. For Californian, the nation’s backward-looking boom as well as broken budgeting in presence of that ambiguity is both recognizable and harmful. Tariff hikes, service terminations, temporary projects, and overall volatility are key signs of such a structure. conversely, that does not have to be the instance.&nbsp.

submit a 250 words paper on the topic CAPITAL, LABOR, AND IMMIGRATION DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

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September 6, Labor during the Early Industrial Period, WaltonRockoff Ch. 11 The educative nature of the article is crucial for me as it gives relevant information regarding the labor force during the nineteenth century. A good introduction on the changes in population that took place during that period is analyzed with possible causes given with keen interest on America. Satisfactory explanations and examples are well utilized to show the logic and economical effects and changes that led to a sudden increase in population during the nineteenth century (WaltonRockoff 209). I get a chance to understand the concept of industrialization and urbanization that had an enormous influence on the immigration. Agriculture was the main thing during that period, but major shifts took place after setting up of industries in different regions. Urban centers grew rapidly which led to the majority of the people to quit farming and seek in the upcoming industries such as the textile industry.

Several questions are asked in the article with vivid descriptions and diagrams used to elaborate on the answer for better understanding of the topic of discussion. The sudden fall in the level of demand of both skilled and unskilled labor is analyzed with the use of supply and demand curve. In the beginning, demand of labor was high than the supply and thus better wages and readily available jobs but after some time supply of labor surpassed the demand. Reading through the article, I get a chance to know about the systems of employment that were used in hiring workers. The used techniques and systems were mainly to attract workers and therefore increase production.

The discussion portrays crucial aspect in economics. Supply and demand among other concepts have great influence on market strategies and prices. The wages given to the workers had to be considered with the skilled labor paid more than the unskilled labor.

submit a 2750 words paper on the topic Aluminum nitride thin films report.

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The measurements of the spectroscopic values have been used to show that the bandgap and the refractive index of the film normally fall in the range of 5.0eV and 5.48eV and 1.58Ev and 1.84eV respectively. Measurements of the secondary mass of ion spectroscopy indicate that oxygen is present in the thin film of aluminium nitride.

Aluminium nitride is a group 3 and period 5 compounds that exhibit very good properties in terms of their physical characteristics, chemical properties and mechanical characteristics. Thin aluminium nitride films of high quality have been used in a number of devices and some sensors which include the optical and the optical-electronic devices (Schupp et al, 2010). The optical-electronic devices have a wide gap of approximately 6.2eV and a refractive index of about 2.0 which make the aluminium nitrides very attractive for use in optics. In addition, the thermal and the chemical stability of aluminium nitride films normally make it suitable for it to be used in environments of difficulties (Takikawa et al, 2001). Today, the aluminium nitride films and coatings have been produced using several methods such as the pulsed laser deposition method, the reactive molecular beam epitaxy method, the vacuum arc deposition method, the DC/RF reactive sputtering technique, the ion beam sputtering method, the metal-organic chemical vapour deposition method and a number of other techniques (Cheng et al, 2003). As a result of the simplicity and the ease of upscaling and reproduction of the aluminium nitride films, the sputtering of magnetrons becomes the most common method of growing aluminium nitride films for the various applications that exist. However, it is very difficult to obtain insulating films of high quality using the direct current magnetrons sputtering method but it holds a notable advantage of having a high rate of deposition making it more suitable for the production of high quality and cost-effective films that are dielectric in nature (Venkataraj et al, 2006). The properties of the aluminium nitride films are dependent on the structural nature of the materials, the microstructure, orientation and chemical composition.

write an article on Presidential commission ability to present ideas to enable the US to effectively wage war. It needs to be at least 1000 words.

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The other most prominent of these wars is the World War II that took place 1939-1945. In this war, what enabled US emerge the winners in their own way was the air superiority they had. US used aircraft carriers to bomb places including Hiroshima and Nagasaki but this made them had an upper advantage over their enemies whose aircraft strength was bare minimal compared with that of US.

In spite of the controversy surrounding the Vietnam War (1955-1975), what made the war last that longer and later on helped the Vietnamese seek their independence after the defeat was the fact that the US military brought in a lot of its soldiers to fight the war. The increase in military strength with thousands of US soldiers fighting made the war last a few more years than it would have (Fredriksen, 154).

Lastly, US military’s strength to win wars emanates from the money it puts in the military operations. This is true in the war against terrorism and especially that led to Osama to be captured. This war started in the 2001 and finally subsided with the death of the Al Qaeda leader and mastermind Osama. Trillions of dollars were used to fund this military exercise and finally this entire tax payer’s money yielded results.

There are several things the previous military wars by the US has taught the nation and this can be used for future purposes in order to avoid the massive losses that are mostly incurred during wars including death of soldiers, loss of battle ships, spending a lot of money on dead ends and investigations among others.

One of these things is the capitalization of US military on the strength of their soldiers. This therefore means that their soldiers are their biggest assets when it comes to war and therefore should always be made to feel that. This is possible through motivating them and appreciating their effort and hard work.

write an article on Earth and Space Science. It needs to be at least 2000 words.

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Volcanic eruptions are a natural phenomenon which can potentially cause great destruction in the area they occur. Despite volcanic eruptions being less frequent in comparison with other natural wonders, their potential effect is extreme devastation to a level of even causing the extinction of organisms. There are several types of volcanoes. They include lava domes, composite volcanoes, simple volcanoes such as cinder cones and shield volcanoes (Johnson, 2006). Lava domes are somewhat destructive volcano types. High viscosity levels of magma characterize lava domes volcanoes. Therefore, lava flows smoothly.

Composite volcanoes result from dormant volcanoes. The composite volcanoes cause erosion in the landscape surrounding the volcanoes. This happens as a result of a decline that starts after the cooling of the magma plug (Johnson, 2006). Cinder cone volcanoes are also formed when there is an eruption of a volcano. This type of volcano involves the emission of tons of ash into the atmosphere which settles as a cone on the volcano. The fourth type of volcano is a shield volcano. Shield volcanoes are too expansive in terms of the impact or aftermath in an area they affect. This is due to the amount of basaltic lava usually present in this volcano type.&nbsp. The basaltic lava type flows smoothly from cracks that might exist in the volcano and thus can cause extensive damage (Davis, 2008).
Potential impact

Volcanic eruptions can have four significant impacts. The first significant impact of volcanic eruption is an alteration of the landscape of the region surrounding a volcano. The second impact of volcanic eruption, especially for super volcanoes is the destruction of property by volcanic debris emitted from the volcano. Another effect is the poisoning of the environment, especially when the ash falls in rivers, lakes and plants (Saravanan, 2004). Lastly, volcanic eruptions reduce solar radiation that reaches the earth surface by displacing sulphury acid, which is released into the atmosphere.

Write 5 pages with APA style on Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. People thought the globe was the midpoint of the cosmos (Bacon 1960)

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That meant that the moon, planets, and the sun revolved around the earth. Europeans used ideas based on the physical world while Romans and Greeks believed in the Bible. However, attitudes changed in the mid-1500. A spirit of curiosity gave rise to a scientific revolution (Burns 2003). Scholars were willing to question old ideas and the level of focus was improved with much observation. Europeans were leading in the exploration leading to the discovery of new lands and the establishment of universities. Francis Bacon, an English writer, assisted in fostering this approach. He urged scientists to base their opinions on what they could see in the world (Bacon 1960). R. Descartes used mathematics and logic to exert his immense influence. In the mid-1600, Isaac Newton established the law of gravity. He used mathematics to show the law of gravity controlled the motion of the planets and objects on earth (Burns 2003). Paris became the European cultural center in 1700 (Oslar 2000) where people from entire Europe gathered to new ideas about enlightenment. Marie Therese became popular for hosting and funding ideas on enlightenment.

According to the letters by Isaac Newton, religion and uniqueness were necessary for innovation. In the letters, Newton said that the discovery came as a result of patient thought. The letters contained significant propositions but were imperfect in some parts. According to Isaac Newton, no matter how the matter was scattered, it would be infinitely attracted towards the center (Hankins 1985). This meant that at the center there would have a particle that is attracted to all other particles at equal measure (Goodman 1973). This became known as a state of perfect equilibrium. According to the observations of the great instauration by Francis Bacon, human intellect is responsible for its own challenges and difficulties (Oslar 2000). Therefore, a man should use the help at his disposal to address the difficulties that he faces. This exposed the levels of ignorance and the damage it causes to the quality of life. He argued that through human efforts and determination life can be restored to the perfect condition or reduced to a better condition than it is now (Burns 2003).