Create a 14 pages page paper that discusses to what extent has contemporary sociological theory advanced our understanding of race and racism.

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llective, and how they have developed a common culture, while theories about cultural transmission help explain how this common culture sustains itself over generations. These are all helpful theories that explain racial identity. That said, the origins of racism are much more difficult to explain, and theories have been unsatisfactory in this regard. Some theories base racism in economic realities, others see racism as a product of dominance and dependency, while still others see an inherent intelligence gap between races, and this explains how races are separated. Therefore, no one theory regarding racial relations is satisfactory. That said, there are commonalities between the theories, so, by combining the theories, one can come up with a composite whole that might be helpful in explaining racial difference, relations and racism.

The first issue that must be examined is how contemporary sociology views the issues of race and ethnicity, by examining ethnic identity theory. An ethnic group is “a reference group called upon by people who share a common history and culture, who may be identifiable because they share similar physical features and values and who, through the process of interacting with each other and establishing boundaries with others, identify themselves as being a member of that group” (Smith, 1991, p. 181). In other words, ethnic identity theory encompasses what it means to be white, black, Jewish, Irish, Chicano, etc. (White & Burke, 1987, p. 311). Ethnic identity theory derives from how one feels about his or her membership in the identified ethnic group, which includes the symbols, beliefs and values of that group. Moreover, ethnicity is not a choice – one must be born into it (Smith, 1991, p. 182). Ethnic identity development is the process that one takes to come to terms with one’s ethnicity (Smith, 1991, p. 182).

ompose a 500 words assignment on psychology chapter reading summary.

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The knowledge that we are being valued in the workplace will impact our behavior. It will impact us positively when we hear it from others. The language of regard is an expression of how we value the efforts or contribution of another person.

The default mode is indirect and non specific. It is the usual way of communicating at work but it’s not a very powerful way of communicating. There are shortcomings in this way of communicating.

The language of ongoing regard is the genuine way of expressing our value of a coworker’s behavior. This is broken down into facets namely appreciation and admiration. Appreciation allows us to communicate the value that we have received.

Both admiration and appreciation can be used in a more powerful manner. One essential way is being direct where communication is done directly to the person, but using a third person pronoun. This will not only impact the person to whom the communication is being directed but to other listeners as well.

Another way in which admiration and appreciation can be more powerful is being specific. Being specific will place more emphasis on the person giving the appreciation rather than on the person being appreciated. It is more powerful to focus on the specific quality that is being admired or appreciated. Being specific can benefit the speaker as well into doing some introspection.

A third way of allowing appreciation and admiration to be more powerful is to make the communication non attributive. Usually one makes general descriptions in communicating appreciating and admiration. Telling someone about his qualities or characteristics is not effective. It doesn’t allow the person to recognize the value. A more effective method would be to communicate to the person in such a way so as to relate your experience gained from his actions.

In communication, it is felt that it is more useful to speak in the first person rather than in the second person when we are communicating negative experiences. When the first person is used the listener is placed in a passive position. The same holds true for communicating positive experiences. In using the second person there is a lack of sincerity and originality. Ongoing reward shows our experience of the person and not about the persons themselves.

Words are very powerful in the field of communication. They are capable of influencing our thoughts, feelings, and inter personal relationships. Words can be misinterpreted according to the context, cultural setting and even by gender differences.

Words communicate a literal meaning as well as a subjective and personal meaning and are more precise if they have a concrete rather than an abstract meaning. They have the power to evoke negative reactions as well as to be used for positive actions.

Non verbal communication is also very powerful and although it lacks spoken language can have huge impact on our interpersonal relationships. A person’s true feelings are easier transmitted through non verbal cues although they can be ambiguous at times. The interpretation of non verbal cues is also influenced by culture.

Eye contact serves as an important function in non verbal communication. Vocal cues such as laughter also help in the communication process. Non verbal cues can be interpreted along the lines of immediacy, arousal and dominance. The chance of interpreting non verbal clues correctly is greater with persons more familiar to us.

Bebee, S. A, Bebee, S.J, & Redmond, M.V. (2008) Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others. (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Kegan, R. & Lahey, L.L. (2001). How the Way We Talk Can Change the Way We Work: Seven Languages for Transformation.

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Week 2. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Leadership Leadership Charismatic Leadership In my opinion, I believe that charismatic leadership is the most effective style of leadership so far. One of the major lessons learnt about charismatic leaders is that they are inspirational. Such leaders always tend to have a huge following because of their admirable traits. Because they are self-aware and focused, they can be relied upon by the top management to spearhead to the prosperity of the organization in which they are entrusted with leadership. I also consider charismatic leadership o be effective because it fosters the spirit of articulation, sensitivity and risk-taking. These are indeed some of the most admirable qualities of a leader (Musser, 2011).

Qualities such as risk-taking, determination and self-awareness are necessary for all leaders. They are the core pillars that can propel them to making well-informed decisions for the entire organization. At the same time, if a leader puts the interests of his followers at heart, he can win their confidence (Avolio, Sosik, Jung & Berson, 2003). Thins, can in turn, be a better way of restoring the confidence of the followers and motivating them to dedicate their time for the service of the organization.

In conclusion, the effective application of charismatic leadership style has enabled me to rank it as the most effective leadership style. It has made leaders to win a lot of support, respect and following. Such a support plays a very significant role in assisting the organization to prosper.

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References

Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). ‘Leadership models, methods, and

applications.’ Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational

psychology,Vol. 12. (pp. 277-307). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Musser, S.J. (2011). The determination of positive and negative charismatic leadership,

Grantham: PA: Messiah College.

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Transformational Leadership

Transformational leadership simply implies to a leadership style where the leader is given the responsibility of identifying the required change within the organization and coordinating and organizing his followers to execute it. As a matter of fact, change is a necessary thing for any organization. It is the best way through which improvements can be made as the organization seeks to accomplish its short and long-term goals (Gupta, 2004). For a leader to be transformative, they should be ready to understand themselves, their followers and the environment within which they operate. This can grant them an opportunity to come up with ideas that can positively transform the organization.

Actually, transformational leadership has greatly contributed towards the success of Public Safety. As a profession, Public Safety is a sensitive area that requires team play and cooperation. With the application of transformational leadership style, leaders have managed to use their transformative traits to inspire workers, motivate them and challenge them to dedicate their time in whatever activities they undertake. By encouraging change, the transformational leadership style has enabled the professionals in this area to be ready to introduce new ideas for the betterment of the profession (Antonakis, Avolio & Sivasubramaniam, 2003).

Transformational leadership has been demonstrated by lots of leaders both in the political and corporate sectors. These include President Barrack Obama and Bill Gates. As a result of their self-consciousness, determination, sensitivity to the needs of their team members, organization and their own needs, strengths and weaknesses, they have gained a lot of admiration and respect from many people. Through this, Gates, for instance, has managed to challenge the status quo by coming up with transformative and creative changes to change Microsoft Inc. As sensitive leaders, they have been concerned about the welfare of everyone under them. Thus, they do seek for their opinion while making major decisions.

References

Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003) ‘Context and leadership: An

examination of the nine-factor Full-Range Leadership Theory using the Multifactor

Leadership Questionnaire.’ The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 261-295.

Gupta, Varun (July–September 2004). “Impact of Socialization on Transformational

Leadership: Role of Leader Member Exchange”. South Asian Journal of

Management.

Provide a 8 pages analysis while answering the following question: Mass Customisation: Tate & Lyle. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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According to, Ian Clark, who manages the Plaistow, London factory where Lyle’s Golden Syrup has been made since 1883, “It is officially the oldest brand packaging in the world.” (“World Record for Iconic ‘Goldie’”).The famous tin, introduced in 1885, and celebrating its 125th anniversary this year, with its golden arch and biblical quotation – “out of the strong came forth sweetness”, is now in the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest continuously in use packaging label.

Upstream (which in geographical terms is downstream) of the refinery the supply chain is very rigid. The price of the raw cane and its availability is notably unstable, but this is a characteristic of all commodities. In every other sense, the supply chain upstream is inflexible. Ocean transport is not amenable to JIT management and last-minute revisions. Moreover, the final stage that brings the raw cane up the Thames estuary and to the refinery is highly regulated and regimented. Deliveries are coordinated through the Port Authority and limited to once per week. Also, it is fundamentally only one product arriving, raw sugar cane.

Downstream from the refinery, the situation is entirely different. In fact, it is the polar opposite. Most importantly, as the company website proudly proclaims over 250 products end up in consumers’ hands directly or indirectly through inclusion in other products. Packaged retail bagged sugar is the obvious product. Goldie, Lyles Golden Syrup is produced from a by-product of the refining process as are molasses and treacle. A variety of products leave the refinery for a variety of destinations, many involving further processing. The scale and complexity of the supply chain downstream are entirely different from the rigid, unitary supply chain upstream.

Recognizing this situation and its increasing involvement with alternately sourced (notably corn-based) and synthetic sweeteners such as Splenda, Tate & Lyle choose to entirely leave the refining business.

Write a 6 pages paper on accelerated learning approach in teaching language

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The accelerated learning techniques include “relaxation and concentration techniques (such as those originally part of Suggestopedia)” that “can greatly alleviate stress and fatigue and improve student’s confidence, concentration and memorization capabilities” (Bancroft, 1995).

Bancroft identified the techniques that are found to be effective. relaxation and visualization exercises, TPR strategies, choral chanting and role-playing for regular language classes and listening to relaxation tapes, specially prepared vocabulary tape for home study. All these exercises involve preliminary training such as “physical and mental exercises, breathing exercises, outer and inner concentration (or visualization) exercises, the Sophrology memory training system and an adaptation of the original session in Suggestopedia” (Bancroft, 1995).

The author believes that it is the student’s concentration which is in dire need of attention. With this realization, the yogic memory training elements should be incorporated into the language class whenever possible. This will be most effective is done together with elements of communication-based or language-acquisition approaches.

Baenan, Yaman and Lindblad conducted the study, “The Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) 2000-01: Student Participation and Effectiveness” to study the outcome of Accelerated Learning Approach in the teaching of reading and Math in Wake County Public School. The program was separately administered to grades 3-8 to K-12. For grades 3-8, the program was administered so that “95% of the WCPSS students will score at or above grade level” in reading and Mathematics (Nancy Baenan, 2002). On the other hand, “the high school program was designed to support students at risk of not meeting graduation requirements” (Nancy Baenan, 2002).

Compose a 500 words assignment on importance of a nurse being a critical thinker.

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Phobias and Addictions of the of the Introduction Critical thinking refers to a psychological process, multidimensional ability and a set of practices (Swansburg, 2002, p.3). Critical thinking constitutes of rational, result directed, methodical, decisive, and insightful thinking that is conducted with information obtained, analyzed and interpreted. Critical thinking helps in identifying best solutions for a problem or set of problems. Critical thinking and problem resolution are a part of the best clinical practices. Critical thinking is the focal point of making judgments in a clinical environment. Critical thinking is even required to develop a plan for nursing, in this critical thinking process, various agents are included. These agents include: nurses, patients and their families, health care service providers (Rosdahl, 2008, p.358). The background of patients, nurses and various other individuals become a part of the stages of critical thinking process. The paper will cover the importance of the critical thinking process for nurses and how they use this process to provide a high degree of nursing services.

Body

Nurses have to make use of critical thinking in all of their procedures such as home, delicate, community and extended care (Daniels, 2004, p.410). Nurses have to view the situation of all of their patients uniquely and dynamically. The main component of nurse’s critical thinking process is learning the situation of all patients before jumping to any conclusions. Once the information about a particular patient is obtain, nurses have to carefully analyze and interpret the information and after interpreting information, nurses have to come to a solution or a plan of action. During the decision making stage of the critical thinking process, nurses have to implement their intellectual skills (Wilkinson, 2001, p.36). They use their intellect to make assumptions, to verify the reliability of information, to differentiate between information that is important and irrelevant, to make decisions in a timely manner and to determine how a decision will affect the patient. For example, when nurses obtain information about the family of a patient, they have to differentiate what information about the patient’s family history is relevant or irrelevant. Nurses even have to ensure that the information provided to them by a patient is kept private and confidential and only information relevant to the situation is obtained otherwise the nurse is held responsible for infringing upon the patient’s privacy right.

Nurses obtain experience and knowledge about the field of nursing from various settings such as professional and educational settings. Nurses have to apply this information in their critical thinking process to make correct and timely decisions.

Conclusion

The process of developing critical thinking skills requires a lot of time and effort. Nurses have to ask various questions to themselves as well as the patients during the critical thinking process and they have to identify answers to these questions through the information provided by the patient and the information owned by nurses already. Nurses have to ensure that before jumping to any conclusions and judgments, they have to obtain all important information. Nurses even have to treat every patient and every situation individually and they should not try to apply prior information to solve newly learned issues.

References

Daniels, R. (2004). Nursing fundamentals: Caring & clinical decision making. Australia: Delmar

Learning.

Rosdahl, C. B., & Kowalski, M. T. (2008). Textbook of basic nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins.

Swansburg, R. C., Swansburg, R. J., & Swansburg, R. C. (2002). Introduction to management

and leadership for nurse managers. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Wilkinson, J. M. (2001). Nursing process and critical thinking. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice

Hall.

Write a 4 pages paper on face book. Since its establishment in 2004, Facebook has added a number of features and applications based on the prevailing trends and user preferences

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For example, in 2007, Facebook introduced a feature that allowed friends to gave gifts to friends, post free advertisements and also allowed users to develop their own applications. The trend of adding new features has continued even up to date. For example, as late as February 2014, Facebook launched an application called Paper to be used for delivering news (Phys.org, 2014). Facebook has promised to add more features and applications in order to enhance the experience of the users. Therefore, based on this trend, it is clear that Facebook will continue to attract more users in the future, and hence will remain a dominant force in the social networking market.

The projected dominance of Facebook is evidenced by how it managed to outsmart MySpace in 2008. By 2004, when Facebook was being founded, MySpace was the leading social networking site worldwide. However, as of 2008, Facebook had overtaken MySpace and had become the most popular networking site worldwide with the highest number of users. One of the key ingredients in this growth was the ability of Facebook to introduce an Open API platform in 2007 (Jung & Lee, 2011). This platform allowed for group interactions, as opposed to one-to-one communications. Facebook was thus the first site to introduce this type of application, and this had two major advantages. First, both Facebook and MySpace users could interact, and this helped capture some of the MySpace users to Facebook. Secondly, Facebook was able to increase the interactions between its users, and this further facilitated its accelerated growth and eventual outpacing of MySpace in 2008 (Jung & Lee, 2011).

Compose a 250 words assignment on the story of the phoenix mine in colorado.

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The drive to Idaho springs took about 30 minutes. We were surprised at how effortless it was to arrive at the place. Without mountain ridges to cross, Idaho Springs was a perfect half day tour for us since we wanted to have a taste of actual Colorado mountain society. Made wealthy by gold and still rich with history, Idaho Springs is a significant site for anybody visiting Colorado. We discovered that Arapaho and Ute Indians normally use the hot springs for their curing powers (Burg, Earl, Rich and David 2010). The next visit was to the Lucky rock. We traveled for thirty miles west of Denver. We discovered that the Lucky rock is a narrow, steep and technical mountain, which is fun and challenging (Zschau, Gries, Ameron, Zambrano and Nash 2009). With more convenience and minimal congestion, Lucky rock is an ideal place for educational and leisure trips. The site provides a white fall for advanced, intermediate and beginner abilities.

In summary, the Phoenix Gold Mine tour was a fascinating experience. The site is one of the reachable mines in a snowy climate, which is overwhelming when an individual gets a correct tour guide. Therefore, the Phoenix Gold Mine trip is suitable for individuals who intend to learn the history of mining, obtain some hands on experience and have a fun with their families.

Write 9 pages with APA style on HRM Learning and Development: The Link Between Learning Needs Assessment, Employee Performance, and Organizations Performance.

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This essay stresses that learning needs assessment and investment in the employees’ training and development offers an organization competitive advantage. The link between HRD department’s assessment of the learning needs of the employees, employees’ performance, and organizational performance may actually be reversed with the three still being the corners of one triangle owing to the fact that organizations that perform good and have a high repute among the public are sources of attraction for the potential candidates.

This paper makes a conclusion that HRD department’s assessment of the learning needs of employees, employees’ performance, and organizational performance are three variables that are linked with one another in a triangular relationship with each of the three variables occupying one corner of the triangle. The direction of influence of one variable upon the other can run both ways in a triangle. In a vast majority of cases, there is a two-way flow along the triangles, with the flow of one direction stronger as compared to the other depending upon several external and internal factors that influence the organization’s culture, employees’ motivation, and brand image in the public eye. Generally, if at least one of the three variables is good, it has a positive effect on the rest of the two variables irrespective of the direction of flow of link along the sides of the triangle. Likewise, poor performance shown by one of the three variables can have a regressive effect on the rest of the variables no matter which direction the link flows in.

write an article on The Message of Redemption in Central Station. It needs to be at least 500 words

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She sees the hard world around her, of crime, death, and filth that many people live in. When she writes a letter for one woman with a 9-year-old child, Josue, she thinks little of it. But the mother is killed and little Josue hangs out around the train station. She knows he will get into trouble, perhaps even be shot for shoplifting, as is the custom in the crime-ridden Rio Central Station. Her better instincts win her over and she takes the boy home and sells ho to an adoption agency to make some money. When she realizes that the boy is probably too old to be adopted and many agencies sell such children to the black market for organ harvesting and other devastating things, she decides to steal the child back and takes him in. They then try to locate Josue’s father for reunification. As they go on this journey, her rough exterior melts as she and Josue develop a relationship. She eventually develops the capacity to love, and her maternal instincts take over, as she loves and cares for the boy, as he does for her, as a maternal replacement.

I liked the movie a lot because it has a message of redemption. Although she has a hardened heart throughout much of the movie, we see the true soul and motherly instincts of Dora, as she and Josue develop a bond as strong as any mother and child. This transformation does not happen quickly, as Dora even tries to abandon Jasue at a bus station as they embark on their quest to find his father. But they stay together and become closer and closer as this journey unfolds.

The grittiness of the many places they go to is quite interesting and lends an air of authenticity to the movie. Although I thought Josue (Vinicius de Oliveira) was cast as to Hollywood “cute,” and not enough of a real Brazilian street urchin, Dora’s portrayal by Fernanda Montenegro is authentic and moving. It is a plot of the motherless/fatherless child meets older originally-spurning, then ultimately loving adult, but the twists with the many adventures, the slow development of Dora’s character, and the ultimate love they have for each other was moving. The avoidance of “and they lived happily-ever-after” ending was interesting, as the two are finally split up and Dora leaves, and we are left to wonder if things will really be all right for Josue in this huge housing complex.

The movie contains a lot of human sensibilities, is gritty and humane, and develops that relationship and friendship between Dora and Josue in a tender and loving way, although we are given the flaws of Dora throughout the movie. In the end, though, she realizes once again her redemptive capacity to love and care for someone, and her life is changed forever, and so is Joshua’s, we hope.&nbsp.