Assignment 2: Course Reflection

Each module of this course will cover a different aspect of sustainable business practice and theory or model for achieving sustainable business practice.

Respond to the following:

• What is your understanding of sustainability when applied to a business?
• What are examples of business sustainability that you are aware of, either from experience or through media, and others?
• If asked for your current opinion about sustainability in business, what would you say and what would you show to support that opinion?

By Friday, February 20, 2015, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through write your initial response in 300–500 words. Your response should be thorough and address all components of the discussion question in detail, include citations of all sources, where needed, according to the APA Style, and demonstrate accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation

Grading Criteria

Enter your food intake for 3 full days in iProfile by following the WileyPLUS^® iProfile instructions. Save this information.
Click on the Access to iProfile link.
Write a 750- to 1,050-word paper that addresses the following points about your 3-day food intake:

• Recorded intake of protein, carbohydrates, and lipids
  • Which foods in your recorded daily intake provide protein? Which provide carbohydrates? Which provide lipids?
  • Review how your recorded protein, carbohydrate, and lipid intake compares with the recommendations of the dietary reference intake. If your recorded protein-carbohydrate-fat intake was too high or too low, which foods might you add or remove to achieve your goal and keep other nutrients in balance?
  • Is the protein in each food you ate complete or incomplete, combining to become complementary? Why is this important?
  • How much of your daily recommended protein, carbohydrates, and lipid intake did you achieve? If your macronutrient intake is insufficient or excessive, what might you do to bring it into the recommended range? Provide specific recommendations.
• Macronutrient intake ranges
  • Is macronutrient intake within the recommended range important? What are the effects of too much or too little of a macronutrient? What happens if you consistently eat too little protein? What happens if you eat too few carbohydrates? What happens if you eat too few lipids?
• Fiber intake ranges
  • Does your fiber total meet 100% of the recommendation for you, as calculated at iProfile?
  • Does your diet meet the minimum number of servings of foods from each fiber-containing group? If not, which of the fiber-containing groups–fruits and vegetables–fell short of the recommended intake?
  • Which specific foods provide the most fiber in your meals? Which provide the least? Identify trends in your food choices that might affect your fiber intakes.
• Dietary modifications
  • What changes might you make to increase the fiber in your diet?
  • How might insufficient or excessive amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, or fiber contribute to health or illness? Provide examples.
  • What have you learned about your diet?

Cite three references other than the course text.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Directions:  Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar.  Sources must be cited in APA format.  Your response should be a minimum of one (1) single-spaced page to a maximum of two (2) pages in length.

Part A:  List and define five (5) potential benefits of delegation.

Part B:  List and describe the seven (7) guidelines for good delegation.

Part C:  Discuss why one of the major complaints of subordinates regarding delegation is the issue of dumping. Offer an example of a personal experience or observation of dumping taking place.

supporting docu-

mentation.

In 2005, the more than 70 agencies of the con-

solidated city-county government used 14 different

document management systems, none of which

could communicate or interact with each other. The

Information Technology department supervised mul-

tiple autonomous IT units with their own systems

and standards. This decentralization created problems

not just with document sharing, but also with docu-

ment security and the ability to audit record keeping

functions, particularly scanned contracts and finan-

cial records. Employee productivity was negatively

impacted through time wasted in locating required

documents from other agencies, duplication of IT

functions, and cumbersome document scanning appli-

cations.

Mayor John Hickenlooper, a proponent of govern-

ment transparency and efficiency, created a central-

ized IT group and assigned it the task of conceiving

an integrated strategy to unify and streamline IT

functions. Scrapping the 14 document management

systems was an obvious first cost-saving action.

The enterprise content management (ECM) system

adopted would need to revamp the city’s contract

record system so that it no longer needed a nightly

reboot, met security standards, and was easily  searchable for employees across agencies. Described

by Al Rosabal, Deputy CIO Denver City and County,

as an “end-of-life” system, the existing system had

poor search capabilities and overall feeble perfor-

mance.

Initially, the Technology Services Group was

 stymied in locating a cost-effective solution that could

be implemented without any interruption in service.

Then it discovered Alfresco. Alfresco’s all-Web-based,

open source ECM system was not only affordable to

implement, but would conservatively save Denver

approximately $1.5 million over five years. CIO

Rosabal estimates that, over time, the open source

model could save the city up to $1 million a year in

recurring licensing, deployment, and maintenance

costs as opposed to a proprietary system.

Alfresco’s ECM capabilities include document,

record, and image management, document version-

ing, multi-language support, support for multiple

 client operating systems (Windows, GNU/Linux, and

Solaris), Web content management, and integration

with MySQL, which Denver used for its relational

database management system. With a browser-based

graphical user interface and integration with the most

commonly used Microsoft Office suites, Alfresco ECM

was a perfect fit to economically meet Denver’s needs.

Implementation began in 2009 and took place in 6- to

12-week cycles over 15 months’ time. Each cycle also

included employee training. This gradual phase-in

encouraged employee cooperation and allowed time

for feedback before the next learning curve began.

For the auditor and controller offices, Alfresco

was integrated with the current PeopleSoft Financial

Management software so that employees could view

contracts and associated content within the  familiar

interface. Complete automation of the contract

 requisition, writing, and authorization processes

resulted in accelerated contract approval time and

enhanced contract and financial document auditing.

The procurement process had the same  structural

problems as the IT department; it was spread

 throughout multiple autonomous or semi-autonomous

agencies. To centralize and standardize the procure-

to-pay process (which includes the initial decision

to make the purchase, the process of selecting the

goods, and the transaction to pay for the goods pur-

chased), the existing PeopleSoft Financials system was

again leveraged. Elements of the workflow and the document repository were handled by Alfresco, and

a Web service was used to communicate and move

requisitions, purchase orders, receiving documents,

accounts payable invoices, and associated documents

between Alfresco and PeopleSoft Financials. In addi-

tion, an Alfresco content repository maintained all

data retention policies.

According to Rosabal, another important part of

the long-term strategy was to improve citizen engage-

ment. A key element was to extend the document

repository to citizens. While many documents could

be obtained at government offices, Denver wanted to

provide citizens with online access at a reduced cost.

As with the contract record system and the procure-

to-pay process, Oracle Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)

was used to integrate Alfresco with PeopleSoft and

other key applications. This enabled data to be routed

as Extensible Markup Language (XML) messages

between multiple applications. Documents could now

be moved between Alfresco and PeopleSoft and made

available to citizens on the Web.

Another initiative to better serve citizens was an

upgrade to the 311 service. 311 is a special non-emer-

gency phone number in many communities that con-

nects citizens to a Citizen Service Center. Residents

can call to report community concerns such as pot-

holes, barking dogs and other noise disturbances,

graffiti, roadway debris, and dysfunctional street and

traffic lights. Denver migrated the 311 service online

by reusing newly created Web services and incor-

porating Alfresco with the call center and customer

relationship management (CRM) software. Citizens

can now use an online form to submit complaints and

concerns from their computer or through iPhone and

iPad apps.

With the Alfresco ECM, PeopleSoft, and Oracle

ESB infrastructure in place, Denver can now reuse

the 311 application technology to proceed to new

 initiatives such as migrating various licensing,

 permitting, and inspection programs online and mak-

ing them  accessible to mobile devices. If the projected

cost  savings are fully realized, Denver can look for-

ward to not only improved employee productivity,

 superior document access, auditing, and security, and

enhanced service to its citizenry, but the ability to

strategically invest in future technology.

Sources: “The City and County of Denver Automate Business

Processes and Improve Citizen Engagement with Zia Consulting

and Alfresco Software,” www.alfresco.com, accessed June 10, 2012;

www.denvergov.org accessed June 15th, 2012; Paul Hampton,

“Why We selected Alfresco — City of Denver,” Alfresco Video Blog,

http://blogs.alfresco.com/wp/videoblog/, August 12th, 2010; and

Global EDD Group, “Video: Alfresco Document Management at

City of Denver — Customer Case Study,” http://www.legaltech-

today.com/2010/10/24/video-alfresco-document-management-at-

city-of-denver-customer-case-study, October 24, 2010.

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

1.  What types of problems was the consolidated

 city-county government of Denver, Colorado,

 experiencing with document management before

instituting the Alfresco ECM system?

2.  How did the Alfresco ECM system provide a

 solution to these problems?

3.  What management, organization, and technology

issues had to be addressed in selecting and

implementing Denver’s new content management

system?

4.  How did the new content management system

change governmental processes for Denver?

How did it benefit citizens?

ʉۢ Chapter 11, pg. 432: Firewire Surfboards Light Up with CAD (40 points)

INTERACTIVE SESSION: TECHNOLOGY

FIREWIRE SURFBOARDS LIGHTS UP WITH CAD

Nev Hyman had been building surfboards in

Australia for 35 years. In 2005, he teamed up  with

Mark Price and a group of longtime surfing friends

in Carlsbad, California, to form Firewire Surfboards.

This company thrives on innovation and was

responsible for the first major change in surfboard

composition and assembly methods in 40 years.

Rather than polyurethane resin and polyurethane

foam, Firewire’s boards were composed of expanded

polystyrene (EPS) foam and epoxy resins. Hyman

and Price believed that this composition for the

surfboard core, along with aerospace composites

for the deck skin and balsa wood rails (the out-

side edge),created a more flexible and maneuver-

able product that would attract top surfers and set

Firewire apart from its competitors.

Firewire is competing in a crowded field that

includes Isle Surfboards, Surftech, Aviso Surf, Board

works Surf, Channel Island, and Lost Enterprises.

Firewire is alone in the reintroduction of balsa wood

to the board rails for added flex response time and

the ability to maintain speed during precarious

maneuvers. Firewire believes it can compete success-

fully because its surfboards are far lighter, stronger,

and more flexible than those of its competitors. An

additional selling point is the reduced environmen-

tal impact: Firewire’s materials emit only 2 percent

of the  harmful compounds of traditional boards

and recycling excess expanded polystyrene (EPS)

foam has earned Firewire international awards and

acclaim.

But that isn’t enough. To make sure it stays ahead

of the competition, Firewire decided to start making

custom surfboards instead of just the usual off-the-rack

sizes. For the everyday surfer, the durability and flex-

ibility of Firewire’s materials was a key selling point.

However, custom boards made to surfer specifications

are critical in the elite surfboard market, and the abil-

ity to claim top-level competitive surfers as customers

drives the broader surfboard market as well.

Traditionally, skilled craftsman, called shapers,

designed and built surfboards by hand, but Firewire

started doing some of this work using computer-

aided designs (CAD) sent to cutting facilities. The

company’s computer-aided manufacturing process

returned to the shaper a board that was 85 to 90

 percent complete, leaving the artisan to complete the

customization and the lamination process.           According to Price, who became Firewire’s CEO,

there are 29 time-consuming and labor-intensive

steps in the surfboard manufacturing process.

Initially, the multifaceted manufacturing process

made it impossible to offer personalized CAD to the

average consumer. Customized boards could only

be produced for elite competitive customers. There

was no way to offer customization to a wider  market

without overburdening Firewire’s CAD system.

Moreover, most custom boards had to be ordered by

filling out a piece of paper with various  dimensions

for the requested changes. There was no way to

see a visual representation of these adjustments or

assess their impact on the board’s volume, which

directly affects buoyancy, paddling ability, and

 performance. 

Firewire needed a system that would allow

 customers to experiment with established designs,

feed the CAD process, and integrate it with its

 computer numerical control (CNC) manufacturing

process. Enter ShapeLogic Design-to-Order Live! For

NX, which provides an online customization system

with a Web-based user interface and advanced 3-D

CAD tools.

Firewire started working with the ShapeLogic

NX software in 2009 to develop its own Firewire

Surfboards’ Custom Board Design (CBD) system,

which allows users to easily manipulate board dimen-

sions of established models within design param-

eters. Any registered customer can choose a standard

Firewire model and use drag-and-drop tools to adjust

the board’s length, midpoint width, nose width, tail

width, and thickness, as long as these changes don’t

degrade the board’s design integrity. CBD generates a

precise three-dimensional model of the stock model

used as the base design along with a 3-D portable

document format (PDF) file of the customized board.

The PDF file documents the board’s dimensions and

volume. A customer can manipulate the model from

all angles and compare the customized board to the

standard board to fully understand the design before

placing an order. When the customer uses the system

to order a custom board, CBD generates a precise solid

CAD model of the board that is transmitted directly

to the Firewire factory for driving the CNC machines

that manufacture the board.

This combination of technologies results in a

board that is 97 percent complete, minimizing the manufacturing time, finishing process, and thus,

costs to the consumer. In contrast to the earlier CAD

assisted, 10 to 15 percent hand-finished boards, once

a surfer has designed the board of his or her dreams,

it can be remade to those exact specifications time

and again. Neither the ideal handmade board nor

a shaper-finished board can be replicated with this

degree of precision.

An additional benefit of Firewire’s online design

system is the social networking engendered by the

sharing of customers’ unique design files. Before

placing an order, customers can show their modi-

fications to fellow surfers and ask for opinions and

advice. After placing an order and using the product,

they can report their experiences and (hopefully)

 1.  Analyze Firewire using the value chain and

 competitive forces models.

2.  What strategies is Firewire using to differentiate

its product, reach its customers, and persuade

them to buy its products?

3.  What is the role of CAD in Firewire’s business

model?

4.  How did the integration of online custom board

design software (CBD), CAD, and computer

numerical control (CNC) improve Firewire’s

 operations?

• Chapter 12, pg. 476: Colgate-Palmolive Keeps Managers Smiling with Executive Dashboards (60 points)

INTERACTIVE SESSION: MANAGEMENT

COLGATE-PALMOLIVE KEEPS MANAGERS SMILING WITH

EXECUTIVE DASHBOARDS

Colgate-Palmolive Company is the second largest

consumer products company in the world whose

products are marketed in over 200 countries and

 territories. The company had 38,600 employees

worldwide and $16.734 billion in annual revenue

in 2011. Colgate has been keeping people smiling

and clean around the world, with more than three-

quarters of its sales in recent years coming from out-

side the United States. Colgate’s brands in oral prod-

ucts, soap, and pet food, are global names, including

Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, Softsoap, Irish Spring,

Protex, Sorriso, Kolynos, Elmex, Tom’s of Maine,

Ajax, Axion, Fabuloso, Soupline, and Suavitel, as well

as Hill’s Science Diet and Hill’s Prescription Diet.

The secret to continued growth and stability for

the past two decades has been Colgate’s ability to

move its brands off shore to Latin America, Europe

and Asia. In the past, Colgate divided the world into

geographic regions: Latin American, Europe, Asia,

and North America. Each region had its own infor-

mation systems. As long as the regions did not need

to share resources or information this patchwork

system worked, more or less. This all changed as

global operations became more integrated and senior

management needed to oversee and coordinate these

operations more closely.

Colgate had been a global SAP user since the early

1990s, but it was running five separate ERP sys-

tems to serve its different geographic regions. Over

a period of time, disparities in the data developed

between different geographic regions and between

the data used at the corporate level and the data used

by an individual region or business unit. The data

were constantly changing. For example, every time a

sales report was run, it showed different numbers for

orders and shipments. Colgate wanted more usable

data to drive business decisions and all of its manag-

ers and business units worldwide to use the same

version of the data.

Colgate chose to solve this problem by creating a

single global data repository using SAP NetWeaver

Business Warehouse, SAP’s analytical, reporting and

data warehousing solution. Colgate’s regional ERP

systems feed their data to the warehouse, where

the data are standardized and formatted for enter-

prise-wide reporting and analysis. This eliminates

 differences in data across the enterprise. One of the outputs of the warehouse for senior

managers is a daily HTML table showing a series of

financial and operational metrics for the day com-

pared to the previous month and quarter. The data

the executives see is exactly the same as what their

peers in all Colgate regions and business units see.

However, the data were not being used by enough

employees in their decision making to have an

impact on business benefits. Colgate’s power users

had no trouble using the reporting and analytical

tools provided by the warehouse, and they were

satisfied with the matrix reports from the system.

Colgate’s senior managers and other casual users, on