Hi, need to submit a 500 words paper on the topic IT in Businesses. Week Six. IT in Businesses IT in Businesses The definition of Information Technology (IT) encompasses the study, design, implementation, development, support and management of computer based information systems (Abrar & Mohammed, 2011). It majors in computer software applications and hardware. This paper will discuss the IT evolution and the impact it has had on businesses.

The evolution of IT can be broken down into five stages. These are the Mainframe and Minicomputers, Personal Computers (PC), client-server networks, enterprise computing and the current wireless networks (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). It began with the Harvard Mark I electromechanical calculator in World War Two weighing five tons and 50 feet long. It was then replaced by the 30 ton Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, having 18,000 vacuum tubes and occupying a large space. The invention of the transistor in 1947 gave way for the development of smaller, powerful and more resourceful computers. Input-output tools changed to magnetic tape from punch cards, and new computer languages were developed to interact with the new technology (Laudon & Laudon, 2010).

The second stage started in the 1970s when processors on chips and magnetic discs were built. They decentralized computing power from bulky data centers to smaller offices. Steve Jobs and Steve Wosniak sold Apple II machines and Bill Gates founded Microsoft. IBM launched the Personal Computer in 1981 (O’Brien, 1999).

The third stage involved embedding microprocessors in electronic products. As the complexity of technology grew and the costs reduced, the need for information sharing within enterprises also increased, giving rise to client/server era in which networked computers could access shared information on a server (O’Brien, 1999).

The fourth stage of IT evolution originated from the US Department of Defense. It enabled high speed networks and coupled portions of the business enterprise together giving information access encircling the entire management structure. Universities linked up to this system and used it to deliver messages. The US National Science Foundation and several universities set up their own networks, leading to the onset of the popular World Wide Web and broadband (Laudon & Laudon, 2010).

The fifth, which is the latest stage, is the wireless one and includes cloud computing. It incorporates the use of cell phones and wifi networks. It gives rise to high levels of mobility independent of location, configuration and nature of the hardware. This phase began with the invention of the mobile phone. It uses high frequency short range transmitters like infra red and blue tooth communication within buildings to make wireless communication a worldwide trend (Laudon & Laudon, 2010).

IT systems have improved the aspect of customer relations in business. Business organizations utilize hardware and software to gather, store, manage and process data and to share out information. They also use networks for users to communicate and share both files and hardware resources with each other (O’Brien, 1999). Technology gives a platform for companies to communicate and establish relations with their clients. In the ever changing and quick paced business environment, timely responses to clients’ enquiries are an imperative means to gain and maintain their loyalty. This is easily achievable by use of emails, online social networks and the internet (Afuah & Tucci, 2001). Social networks are a force to reckon with in advertising. Business operations are also cheaper, faster and more secure and accurate. Business people can view and manage inventory, cash flow, billing, sales, or payrolls in a single computer application, while at the same time protecting their confidential financial data, decision making and business information (Abrar & Mohammed, 2011). Telecommuting has also cut down on travel, space and accommodation costs. With video conferencing and broadband access technology, employees can attend meetings from home on computers and smart phones, without having to travel personally to a meeting site (Afuah & Tucci, 2001). The use of business software programs has enabled automation of traditional manufacturing processes. This marks reduced labor costs and augments manufacturing efficiency and increases production output.

In conclusion, as IT has evolved over the years, becoming more sophisticated, affordable and even customizable to unique business ventures, it has improved business performances. This is reflected in cost savings, quicker information processing and sharing, cutting down travel needs and making confidential data secure.

References

Abrar, H., & Mohammed, S. S. (2011). Performance evaluation of information technologies for asset management maturity: A Research Agenda. AMCIS 2011 Proceedings- All Submissions, Paper 457. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2011_submissions/457

Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. (2001). Internet business models and strategies. Boston: McGraw Hill.

Laudon, K. & Laudon, J. (2010). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (11th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

O’Brien, J (1999). Management information systems- Managing information technology in the internetworked enterprise. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Write 2 pages thesis on the topic animal euthanasia. Animal euthanasia Human beings are like any other animal. As a result, a gap should not exist between them and other animals in terms of treatment. This has been the basis of animal rights campaigns and is a valid opinion. This paper seeks to respond to issues that relate to animal rights.

Response to humane animal euthanasia

Euthanasia defines painless termination of life with a good intent. It is normally applied when an animal is in pain or any other form of suffering that can only be relieved by death. The article, ‘Euthanasia’, as was published by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals approves euthanasia as a better approach to terminating miserable lives of animals. The best solution, according to the article, is however to control the animals’ birth rate for a sustainable population size. The main reason for this opinion is that available shelters for the animals are limited. As a result, animals, especially the overpopulated dogs and cats in their old age, have to be let out of the shelters. Since this action endangers the lives of the animals to suffering and painful death, it is better to apply euthanasia because the method is fast and painless (Peta, 2012).

I agree with the main argument of the article that the animals are supposed to be protected from pain and suffering. As a result, controlling their population to a sustainable number by the available shelter is the best alternative. Since this has not been achieved, a painless death is a better alternative to letting the animals wander in the fields in suffering until their death. My opinion is informed by the idea of animals’ rights that equivalently values the plight of animals as that of human beings. Like humans, the animals are psychological and recognize utility and pain. As a result, reducing their pain during death is a suitable way of respecting their right (Regan, n.d.).

Response to questions

My desire to work for PETA Asia-Pacific is based on my love for animals and the desire to achieve a reasonable respect for their lives. This has been driven by my historical resentment over suffering that animals are subjected to through activities such as hunting, scientific research and neglect (Regan, n.d.).

I would excel in this position because of my internal motivational factors that would drive me to success. Having been seeking an opportunity to pursue my dream as an animal rights campaigner and based on my academic qualification for organizing and managing campaigns, I have the confidence that will boost my efficiency (Regan, n.d.).

I am particularly interested in the position of campaigns manager or campaigns assistant because either of the positions would give me the best opportunity as an effective campaign driver (Regan, n.d.).

PETA Asia—Pacific’s philosophy, campaigns and tactics have been sufficient in the sense that they are recognized among the public. They have however not been effective because little regard has been accorded to animals’ rights despite campaigns (Peta, 2012).

My academic qualification and volunteer experience in animal rights’ campaigns and research and editorial writing in animal rights has accorded me sufficient experience as a campaigner as well as close contacts with celebrities and government agencies for campaign support. I am therefore the best candidate for this position of campaigns assistant.

References

Peta. (2012). Euthanasia. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Retrieved from: http://www.peta.org/issues/Companion-Animals/Euthanasia.aspx

Regan, T. (n.d.). The philosophy of animal rights. Culture and Animal Foundation. Retrieved from: http://www.cultureandanimals.org/pop1.

Create a 12 pages page paper that discusses sociology. describe and evaluate the influence of class on life chances in britain. Class analysis can be broadly defined as ‘the empirical investigation of the consequences and corollaries of the existence of a class structure defined ex-ante” (Breen & Rottman, 1995, 453). Based on a definition, the sociologist then finds out the extent to which differences in life style and life chances amongst individuals are formatted according to the class structure, as is perceived within the concerned society. Life chances within a social stratification are dependent on many external factors. These are: “health, income and wealth. education. life expectancy. infant mortality. housing. consumer goods ownership. access to leisure” (Sociology intermediate 1 and 2, 2006, 16).

The presence of classes within the UK social structure was brought into prominence in 1980, after the publication of the Black Report, which showed that there were large differences in the mortality rates amongst the British working classes. It highlighted the fact that inequalities within the UK social structure were very much present. The report dispersed the myth, and the utopian feeling that was so prevalent amongst the pre-80s British mindset, which believed that UK was moving towards becoming an egalitarian society, where class divisions and inequalities based on socio-economic factors did not play much role. In this article I will take up this concept of ‘class’ and examine it from various perspectives (social theories), while analysing the various common notions and annotations associated with the term class. The outward manifestation of the disparity in social classes, like the ‘economic standing (wealth and income), prestige, and power’ will be discussed, along with the various factors that come under the purview of life chances, which are dependent on this ‘class’ aspect. all the time keeping in view and focussing on the social conditions of UK, as is prevalent in today’s context.

Hi, I am looking for someone to write an article on oil struggle and the fight for power Paper must be at least 500 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

The period of industrialization marked the beginning of constant increasing demands in oil. Oil, in all its forms, is an integral tool needed to sustain modern life (The Oil Factor, 2004). Every single thing that people use can be traced back to oil (Gunderson, 2003). Just like the significance of water into one’s body, oil is an essential source of energy that propels the world. For any country, to gain access to this non renewable source, can be truly considered as a gift (Stevens, 2008). But it is by looking into mankind’s history that one cannot help but to attest to the opposite. Possession of oil has been the cause of geopolitical and economical conflicts (Dietrich, 2010), most of which led to war. Endowment of oil reserve is not a guarantee of a nation’s rise to world power. Rather, their liberal supply of oil serves as a threat to their security.

Over the years, Middle East remains to be the region with bountiful amount of oil. Dietrich (2010) mentioned that Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait are three of the Middle Eastern countries that are capable of supplying billions of oil barrels. It is noteworthy that countries with large oil reserves have been in constant conflicts (Stevens, 2008). The recent US occupation of Iraq in 2003 made a remarkable impact on the oil economy. Iraq has the third largest oil reserve in the world (Dietrich, 2010). Upon the conclusion of the war in Iraq, people have come to pay attention to the true aim of the war. The inability of US to find the allegedly weapons of mass destruction contained in Iraq has led many to assume that America’s dwindling supply of oil is the main purpose of the intervention (The Oil Factor, 2004).

The fear of the disruption in oil supply has been constantly thriving in the global atmosphere. As the demands for oil consumption continuously grow, the world market can expect oil to reach skyrocket prices (Stevens, 2008). This threat motivates everybody, mostly industrialized nations, to take actions. If the increasing demand of oil does not cease, the future of oil industry in the Middle East can take one of two paths. Firstly, Middle East’s oil reserves can be expected to take a sweet spot in the global economy. If this happens, Middle East can rise as one of the world’s most powerful regions. Experts claim that this is highly unlikely due to the fact that some of Middle Eastern countries are on an economic sanction (The Oil Factor, 2004). Gunderson (2003) stated that if collaboration from oil exporting countries is implemented, there can be a huge positive impact on the global market. Another conclusion for Middle East’s future in oil can be the fluctuation of its price if the nations’ oil productions compete against themselves (Gunderson, 2003). Concurrently, it is predictable that Middle East can gain monopoly on oil distribution in the future.

If the world would not be able to reduce its oil consumption or find an alternative solution, it is without hesitation that more oil-related conflicts will arise. The threat is not only international. It can be as local as within the region itself. Failure to conclude diplomatic negotiations among countries will gather allies and enemies for the Middle East.

Middle East is undoubtedly gifted with land full of oil reserve. The unperceptive utilization of oil and the lurking avariciousness of nations will continue to be a threat to the region. The standpoint from oil being a blessing has shifted to oil being a malediction to a country. If situations and the greed for power will not cease, political and economic conflicts can be expected within years to come. As long as oil is the ultimate source of energy, so does the battle to fight for the accumulation of it.

References

Brohy, A., & Ungerman, G. (Producers). (2004). The Oil Factor: Behind the War on Terror [Documentary Film]. USA: Google Video.

Dietrich, C. R. (2010). Oil. In T. Spencer & P. Roberts (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. (Vol. 1, pp. 926-928). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Gunderson, C. (2003). World in Conflict: The need for oil. Edina, MN: Abdo.

Stevens, P. (2008). National oil companies and international oil companies in the Middle East: Under the shadow of government and the resource nationalism cycle. Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 1, 5-30. doi: 10.