Assignment 3: Technology and Organizational Behavior Issues

You are to write a three to four (3–4) page paper that answers the following: During the 1970s, the U.S. Air Force Program for Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) sought to increase manufacturing productivity through systematic application of computer technology. As companies, systems products and markets become even more complex we will need even more complex modeling to guide and help us make decisions. 

• Describe the culture of your organizational behavior issues and what challenges are present.

• Discuss the systems that are the most appropriate to introduce into your organization.

• Analyze a few of the systems that can have the greatest impact on your organization.

The format of the report is to be as follows:

• Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one-inch margins on all sides, APA format.
• Type the question followed by your answer to the question.
• In addition to the three to four (3–4) pages required, a title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date.

Note: You will be graded on the quality of your answers, the logic/organization of the report, your language skills, and your writing skills.

The assignment will be graded using the following rubric:

Make revisions based on peer reviews from fellow classmates of your Case Study Analysis Paper. For each of the comments, submit a list of the changes you made to your paper based on the feedback. If you choose not to make the recommended changes, submit a list that offers justification for not making the peer revisions.

CIS500 Information System Decision Making (Discussion Questions) and Assignment Information is taken from Turban e & Voloninol (2011) Information Technology for management (8^th Ed).Hoboken NJ John Wiley and son.

Discussion Week 1

(E-Activity)Businesses have used barcodes to store product and price information on product tags readable via specialized scanners. Quick Response (QR) tags are the latest technology for storing and publishing product information readable using smartphones. There are no specialized scanners required to read QR codes. Visit the Website, located at http://www.qrstuff.com/, to generate a QR code. Follow these instructions and be prepared to discuss:

·          Under the Data Type column (column 1), click on the Email Address radio button.

·          Under the Content column (column 2), type your email address in the textbox.

·          Notice the generated QR code in the QR code Preview window.

·          Download the image to your local machine.

·          Repeat the exercise and generate the QR code for your telephone number.

(a).Examine Software as a Service (SaaS) and discuss the advantages and disadvantages it provides to e-Businesses.

From the e-Activity, compare the QR code you generated for your email address to the one you generated for your telephone number. Describe the similarities and differences between the two codes.

(b).Analyze how a change to an organization’s IT infrastructure could affect the entire organization’s business model. Give an example to illustrate this effect.

Propose a change that should be made by organizations to reduce the carbon and energy footprint in an effort to support green IT. Justify your response.

Discussion Week 2

(E-ACTIVITY)Research the Internet for an article that describes how an industry of your choice is using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Examine the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of RFID technology. Be prepared to discuss.

(a).from the e-Activity, assume that you are a CTO of a retail organization that has adopted the RFID technology. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages your organization could experience with this technology in relation to the organization’s supply chain and logistics.

Imagine the information system for Wal-Mart was suddenly nonexistent. Choose the data management system you would put back in operation first. Justify your response.

(b).Imagine you are starting a Web business and want to incorporate cloud technology. Describe how you would incorporate cloud technology into your business model. Justify your response.

Assume you are a CIO of a startup company. The company needs to implement an IT infrastructure. Describe the infrastructure and argue which of the four characteristics of an IT infrastructure (dependable, manageable, adaptable, and affordable) is the most important to consider when acquiring IT infrastructure support components. Support your response.

Discussion week 3

(a). Businesses are generating data, documents, and text in the form of emails in ever increasing rates. The volume of stored data is also increasing at alarming rates. Choose the one issue that you believe is the largest challenge to managing data, text, and documents. Support your response.   Employees are bringing smartphones to the workplace. Some employees are using the company networks to access the Internet. Some expect the company to provide this type of access. This presents a number of challenges to company network management. Identify three challenges and suggest strategies for a company to address these challenges.

(b).Modern networks have to support a number of digital data protocols as well as digital audio protocols. The ability to stream both data and audio has led to the design and deployment of advanced applications. Analyze how advancements in Web, wireless, and mobility technologies are impacting organizations. Choose one specific advancement and describe why it is having the biggest impact. Support your answer.

From the e-Activity, AT&T and Verizon both provide very similar if not the same services, especially in the mobile space. Consumers are left with challenges when making decisions on which vendor to choose. Compare both providers in regard to their wireless broadband networks. Indicate which vendor provides the best offering in your opinion and why.

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Assignment 1: Predictive Policing  Due Week 2 and worth 75 points The following resources may be helpful in completing this assignment:

• Goode, E. (2011, August 15). Sending the police before there’s a crime. Retrievable here.
• Pearsall, B. (2010, May). Predictive policing: The future of law enforcement? National Institute of Justice Journal, 266. Retrievable here.
• Predictive Policing Symposium (2010). Retrievable here. 
• Shurkin, J. N. (2011, September 13). Santa Cruz cops experiment with ‘predictive policing’. Retrievable here.
• Willis, J. J., Mastrofski, S. D., & Weisburd, D. (2003). Compstat in practice: An in-depth analysis of three cities. Police Foundation. Retrievable here.

In 1994, the New York City Police Department adopted a law enforcement crime fighting strategy known as COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics). COMPSTAT uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify “ hotspots”, and map problem areas. COMPSTAT has amassed a wealth of historical crime data. Mathematicians have designed and developed algorithms that run against the historical data to predict future crimes for police departments. This is known as predictive policing. Predictive policing has led to a drop in burglaries, automobile thefts, and other crimes in some cities. Write a four  page paper in which you:

1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets.
2. Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions:
   1. Input
   2. Processing
   3. Output
   4. Feedback
3. Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crime faster.
4. Apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police departments that intend to implement predictive policing.
5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. You may use the resources above or others of your choosing.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Explain how the components of an information technology system interrelate in an organizational context.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems and technology.
• Write clearly and concisely about topics related to information systems for decision making using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.

read the 2 articales’ summary, , and provide areplies for one of the discussions (A total of four replies are required.  .you can write the opinions or different ideas or suggestions in the replies. One of the two replies in one forum discussion should include at least one reference (trade or academic article) and be extensive (minimum 120-150 words, except the reference; the reference will be cited and the full information will be attached at the end-APA). Another reply can have less number of words (approximately 50 words).

article 1

Shame or Pride? The moderating role of self-construal on moral judgements concerning fashion counterfeits

    What are counterfeits? Counterfeits according to authors Kim and Johnson (2014) are unauthorized identical copies of an original brand-name product. Usually their price and quality are much lower than those of originals. When thinking of counterfeits, apparel and accessory items come to mind, but counterfeiting is not limited to fashion-related categories only. The most interesting two facts is that the buying and selling of counterfeit items is a billion dollar industry and most consumers do not always knowingly purchase these items.

   Even though there are many organizations trying to regulate against anti-counterfeiting, counterfeiting is such a big business around the world that it makes it hard to keep it under control. Because counterfeiting is fueled by consumer demand, a large amount of research has looked into consumers’ purchasing  of counterfeits as an instance of moral decision making, and this creates a limitation.

    The actual focus of this study is on the moderating role of individuals’ self-view (interdependent, independent) in the relationship between moral emotions and moral judgements made concerning the purchase of fashion counterfeits. According to the authors, previous research has taken a rationalist approach, which is a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge, on cognitive processes involved in moral decision making rather than including the influence of consumer emotion. So, the authors hoped that the research and findings for this study would possibly be a major contribution to the literature. 

       Based on reviewing previous literature, this article conducted two experimental studies to test formed hypotheses and operationalize self-construal, ego-focused emotion and other-focused emotion in multiple ways. There are four hypotheses have made by the author; H1,H3,H4 were completely supported, and H2 was supported only for pride. The study 1 proved that moral emotions will influence moral judgment concerning the purchase of a counterfeit, and the influence of moral emotion on moral judgment will be moderated by self-construal; specifically for pride, the influence of the association of ego-focused emotions with a moral judgment will be higher for the independents versus  interdependents. On the other hand, study 2 proved that individuals whose independent self-construal is primed are more likely to judge the counterfeit as more morally wrong to purchase when pride is induced than when shame is induced; however, the individuals whose interdependent self-construal is opposite. 

       For the limitations of this research, first, the emotions which in studies 1 and 2 are not identical to experienced emotions. Second, there are just only two emotions: shame and pride, which were selected to represent ego-focused or other-focused. Third, the findings are not viewed cautiously enough. Finally, the sample of participants was not diverse. 

QUESTIONS 

Do you think the counterfeit market will decline or completely disappear in the future by the strong intellectual property protection from the government?

Article 2

Analysis of counterfeit fashion purchase behavior in UAE –Cedwyn Fernandes

     Fernandes (2013) introduces us to the issue of counterfeiting in the marketplace of the United Arab Emirates.  United Arab Emirates (UAE) has an open economy where counterfeiting takes place often because it happens to be a mecca of international trade which includes auto parts, beauty and fashion products.  UAE has an estimated total of $1.02 billion of counterfeited merchandise per year. 

The UAE has held a steady marketplace for high-end retail shoppers, making it a zesty attraction/destination for the luxury market.

Due to this fact, the UAE government has taken measures to halt counterfeiting—especially of fashion/beauty merchandise through Dubai’s customs and the Department of Economic Development.

However, according to the author there is still the issue of the demand side that has yet to be resolved.  In order to alleviate the demand of counterfeit products, it is stated that one should understand the consumer’s behavior and reasoning behind purchasing counterfeit items.

The author defines counterfeit as “products bearing a trademark that is identical to, or indistinguishable, from a trademark registered to another party” resulting in a violation of the original trademark owners’ rights.

Several studies have covered this counterfeit issue of luxury good items within a global context. This particular paper focuses on UAE because there has yet to be any revealing studies that touch on the UAE demography.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out what influences the demand for counterfeit products in the UAE market in order to assist with future attempts of reducing counterfeit trading in the UAE.

The author has identified factors that motivate consumers’ voluntary purchase intention of counterfeits: fashion consciousness, subjective norm, ethical judgment, value consciousness, self-ambiguity, and demographic factors (age, education, income).

The author also defines the terminology to help readers better understand the variables that motivate the behavior of purchases.

·      Fashion consciousness is when the consumer is aware of new trends in fashion and up to date with all the styles.

·      Subjective norm is when an individual is subject to societal pressures, such as gain acceptance or approval by peers.

·      Ethical judgment is when an individual carefully evaluates and makes decisions based on one’s defined morality.

·      Value consciousness is when the consumer is capable of understanding perceived price points for quality merchandise.

·      Self-ambiguity is derived from the concept of self-identity. It is defined as the belief or confidence in one’s own individuality or the “self.”

Thus the following theoretical framework have been proposed based on the Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior:

H1: Fashion consciousness is positively related to the intended purchase of counterfeits.

H2: Subjective norm is a significant factor in the intended purchase of counterfeits.

H3: Ethical judgment is negatively related to the intended purchase of counterfeits.

H4: Value consciousness is positively related to the intended purchase of counterfeits.

H5: Self–ambiguity is positively related to the intended purchase of counterfeits.

From the results of the study, the LLPC (less likely to purchase counterfeits) sample indicated that ethical judgment and value consciousness are the only significant variables having an impact on the counterfeit purchase intention.

Whereas, the MLPC (more likely to purchase counterfeits) sample indicated that ethical judgment, subjective norm, value consciousness and self-ambiguity are significant to intent purchase of counterfeits.

REFERENCE:

Fernandes, C. (2013). Analysis of counterfeit fashion purchase behavior in UAE, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 17(1), 85-97.

 QUESTIONS:

1) What factors do you think would influence the attitudes of counterfeit purchasers in another country?  (specify which country).

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